# Source code for fontTools.misc.psCharStrings

    """psCharStrings.py -- module implementing various kinds of CharStrings:
    CFF dictionary data and Type1/Type2 CharStrings.
    """

    from fontTools.misc.fixedTools import (
        fixedToFloat,
        floatToFixed,
        floatToFixedToStr,
        strToFixedToFloat,
    )
    from fontTools.misc.textTools import bytechr, byteord, bytesjoin, strjoin
    from fontTools.pens.boundsPen import BoundsPen
    import struct
    import logging

    log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    def read_operator(self, b0, data, index):
        if b0 == 12:
            op = (b0, byteord(data[index]))
            index = index + 1
        else:
            op = b0
        try:
            operator = self.operators[op]
        except KeyError:
            return None, index
        value = self.handle_operator(operator)
        return value, index

    def read_byte(self, b0, data, index):
        return b0 - 139, index

    def read_smallInt1(self, b0, data, index):
        b1 = byteord(data[index])
        return (b0 - 247) * 256 + b1 + 108, index + 1

    def read_smallInt2(self, b0, data, index):
        b1 = byteord(data[index])
        return -(b0 - 251) * 256 - b1 - 108, index + 1

    def read_shortInt(self, b0, data, index):
        (value,) = struct.unpack(">h", data[index : index + 2])
        return value, index + 2

    def read_longInt(self, b0, data, index):
        (value,) = struct.unpack(">l", data[index : index + 4])
        return value, index + 4

    def read_fixed1616(self, b0, data, index):
        (value,) = struct.unpack(">l", data[index : index + 4])
        return fixedToFloat(value, precisionBits=16), index + 4

    def read_reserved(self, b0, data, index):
        assert NotImplementedError
        return NotImplemented, index

    def read_realNumber(self, b0, data, index):
        number = ""
        while True:
            b = byteord(data[index])
            index = index + 1
            nibble0 = (b & 0xF0) >> 4
            nibble1 = b & 0x0F
            if nibble0 == 0xF:
                break
            number = number + realNibbles[nibble0]
            if nibble1 == 0xF:
                break
            number = number + realNibbles[nibble1]
        return float(number), index

    t1OperandEncoding = [None] * 256
    t1OperandEncoding[0:32] = (32) * [read_operator]
    t1OperandEncoding[32:247] = (247 - 32) * [read_byte]
    t1OperandEncoding[247:251] = (251 - 247) * [read_smallInt1]
    t1OperandEncoding[251:255] = (255 - 251) * [read_smallInt2]
    t1OperandEncoding[255] = read_longInt
    assert len(t1OperandEncoding) == 256

    t2OperandEncoding = t1OperandEncoding[:]
    t2OperandEncoding[28] = read_shortInt
    t2OperandEncoding[255] = read_fixed1616

    cffDictOperandEncoding = t2OperandEncoding[:]
    cffDictOperandEncoding[29] = read_longInt
    cffDictOperandEncoding[30] = read_realNumber
    cffDictOperandEncoding[255] = read_reserved

    realNibbles = [
        "0",
        "1",
        "2",
        "3",
        "4",
        "5",
        "6",
        "7",
        "8",
        "9",
        ".",
        "E",
        "E-",
        None,
        "-",
    ]
    realNibblesDict = {v: i for i, v in enumerate(realNibbles)}

    maxOpStack = 193

    def buildOperatorDict(operatorList):
        oper = {}
        opc = {}
        for item in operatorList:
            if len(item) == 2:
                oper[item[0]] = item[1]
            else:
                oper[item[0]] = item[1:]
            if isinstance(item[0], tuple):
                opc[item[1]] = item[0]
            else:
                opc[item[1]] = (item[0],)
        return oper, opc

    t2Operators = [
        # 	opcode		name
        (1, "hstem"),
        (3, "vstem"),
        (4, "vmoveto"),
        (5, "rlineto"),
        (6, "hlineto"),
        (7, "vlineto"),
        (8, "rrcurveto"),
        (10, "callsubr"),
        (11, "return"),
        (14, "endchar"),
        (15, "vsindex"),
        (16, "blend"),
        (18, "hstemhm"),
        (19, "hintmask"),
        (20, "cntrmask"),
        (21, "rmoveto"),
        (22, "hmoveto"),
        (23, "vstemhm"),
        (24, "rcurveline"),
        (25, "rlinecurve"),
        (26, "vvcurveto"),
        (27, "hhcurveto"),
        # 	(28,		'shortint'),  # not really an operator
        (29, "callgsubr"),
        (30, "vhcurveto"),
        (31, "hvcurveto"),
        ((12, 0), "ignore"),  # dotsection. Yes, there a few very early OTF/CFF
        # fonts with this deprecated operator. Just ignore it.
        ((12, 3), "and"),
        ((12, 4), "or"),
        ((12, 5), "not"),
        ((12, 8), "store"),
        ((12, 9), "abs"),
        ((12, 10), "add"),
        ((12, 11), "sub"),
        ((12, 12), "div"),
        ((12, 13), "load"),
        ((12, 14), "neg"),
        ((12, 15), "eq"),
        ((12, 18), "drop"),
        ((12, 20), "put"),
        ((12, 21), "get"),
        ((12, 22), "ifelse"),
        ((12, 23), "random"),
        ((12, 24), "mul"),
        ((12, 26), "sqrt"),
        ((12, 27), "dup"),
        ((12, 28), "exch"),
        ((12, 29), "index"),
        ((12, 30), "roll"),
        ((12, 34), "hflex"),
        ((12, 35), "flex"),
        ((12, 36), "hflex1"),
        ((12, 37), "flex1"),
    ]

    def getIntEncoder(format):
        if format == "cff":
            twoByteOp = bytechr(28)
            fourByteOp = bytechr(29)
        elif format == "t1":
            twoByteOp = None
            fourByteOp = bytechr(255)
        else:
            assert format == "t2"
            twoByteOp = bytechr(28)
            fourByteOp = None

        def encodeInt(
            value,
            fourByteOp=fourByteOp,
            bytechr=bytechr,
            pack=struct.pack,
            unpack=struct.unpack,
            twoByteOp=twoByteOp,
        ):
            if -107 <= value <= 107:
                code = bytechr(value + 139)
            elif 108 <= value <= 1131:
                value = value - 108
                code = bytechr((value >> 8) + 247) + bytechr(value & 0xFF)
            elif -1131 <= value <= -108:
                value = -value - 108
                code = bytechr((value >> 8) + 251) + bytechr(value & 0xFF)
            elif twoByteOp is not None and -32768 <= value <= 32767:
                code = twoByteOp + pack(">h", value)
            elif fourByteOp is None:
                # Backwards compatible hack: due to a previous bug in FontTools,
                # 16.16 fixed numbers were written out as 4-byte ints. When
                # these numbers were small, they were wrongly written back as
                # small ints instead of 4-byte ints, breaking round-tripping.
                # This here workaround doesn't do it any better, since we can't
                # distinguish anymore between small ints that were supposed to
                # be small fixed numbers and small ints that were just small
                # ints. Hence the warning.
                log.warning(
                    "4-byte T2 number got passed to the "
                    "IntType handler. This should happen only when reading in "
                    "old XML files.\n"
                )
                code = bytechr(255) + pack(">l", value)
            else:
                code = fourByteOp + pack(">l", value)
            return code

        return encodeInt

    encodeIntCFF = getIntEncoder("cff")
    encodeIntT1 = getIntEncoder("t1")
    encodeIntT2 = getIntEncoder("t2")

    def encodeFixed(f, pack=struct.pack):
        """For T2 only"""
        value = floatToFixed(f, precisionBits=16)
        if value & 0xFFFF == 0:  # check if the fractional part is zero
            return encodeIntT2(value >> 16)  # encode only the integer part
        else:
            return b"\xff" + pack(">l", value)  # encode the entire fixed point value

    realZeroBytes = bytechr(30) + bytechr(0xF)

    def encodeFloat(f):
        # For CFF only, used in cffLib
        if f == 0.0:  # 0.0 == +0.0 == -0.0
            return realZeroBytes
        # Note: 14 decimal digits seems to be the limitation for CFF real numbers
        # in macOS. However, we use 8 here to match the implementation of AFDKO.
        s = "%.8G" % f
        if s[:2] == "0.":
            s = s[1:]
        elif s[:3] == "-0.":
            s = "-" + s[2:]
        elif s.endswith("000"):
            significantDigits = s.rstrip("0")
            s = "%sE%d" % (significantDigits, len(s) - len(significantDigits))
        else:
            dotIndex = s.find(".")
            eIndex = s.find("E")
            if dotIndex != -1 and eIndex != -1:
                integerPart = s[:dotIndex]
                fractionalPart = s[dotIndex + 1 : eIndex]
                exponent = int(s[eIndex + 1 :])
                newExponent = exponent - len(fractionalPart)
                if newExponent == 1:
                    s = "%s%s0" % (integerPart, fractionalPart)
                else:
                    s = "%s%sE%d" % (integerPart, fractionalPart, newExponent)
        if s.startswith((".0", "-.0")):
            sign, s = s.split(".", 1)
            s = "%s%sE-%d" % (sign, s.lstrip("0"), len(s))
        nibbles = []
        while s:
            c = s[0]
            s = s[1:]
            if c == "E":
                c2 = s[:1]
                if c2 == "-":
                    s = s[1:]
                    c = "E-"
                elif c2 == "+":
                    s = s[1:]
                if s.startswith("0"):
                    s = s[1:]
            nibbles.append(realNibblesDict[c])
        nibbles.append(0xF)
        if len(nibbles) % 2:
            nibbles.append(0xF)
        d = bytechr(30)
        for i in range(0, len(nibbles), 2):
            d = d + bytechr(nibbles[i] << 4 | nibbles[i + 1])
        return d

    class CharStringCompileError(Exception):
        pass

    class SimpleT2Decompiler(object):
        def __init__(self, localSubrs, globalSubrs, private=None, blender=None):
            self.localSubrs = localSubrs
            self.localBias = calcSubrBias(localSubrs)
            self.globalSubrs = globalSubrs
            self.globalBias = calcSubrBias(globalSubrs)
            self.private = private
            self.blender = blender
            self.reset()

        def reset(self):
            self.callingStack = []
            self.operandStack = []
            self.hintCount = 0
            self.hintMaskBytes = 0
            self.numRegions = 0
            self.vsIndex = 0

        def execute(self, charString, *, pushToStack=None):
            self.callingStack.append(charString)
            needsDecompilation = charString.needsDecompilation()
            if needsDecompilation:
                program = []
                pushToProgram = program.append
            else:
                pushToProgram = lambda x: None
            if pushToStack is None:
                pushToStack = self.operandStack.append
            index = 0
            while True:
                token, isOperator, index = charString.getToken(index)
                if token is None:
                    break  # we're done!
                pushToProgram(token)
                if isOperator:
                    handlerName = "op_" + token
                    handler = getattr(self, handlerName, None)
                    if handler is not None:
                        rv = handler(index)
                        if rv:
                            hintMaskBytes, index = rv
                            pushToProgram(hintMaskBytes)
                    else:
                        self.popall()
                else:
                    pushToStack(token)
            if needsDecompilation:
                charString.setProgram(program)
            del self.callingStack[-1]

        def pop(self):
            value = self.operandStack[-1]
            del self.operandStack[-1]
            return value

        def popall(self):
            stack = self.operandStack[:]
            self.operandStack[:] = []
            return stack

        def push(self, value):
            self.operandStack.append(value)

        def op_return(self, index):
            if self.operandStack:
                pass

        def op_endchar(self, index):
            pass

        def op_ignore(self, index):
            pass

        def op_callsubr(self, index):
            subrIndex = self.pop()
            subr = self.localSubrs[subrIndex + self.localBias]
            self.execute(subr)

        def op_callgsubr(self, index):
            subrIndex = self.pop()
            subr = self.globalSubrs[subrIndex + self.globalBias]
            self.execute(subr)

        def op_hstem(self, index):
            self.countHints()

        def op_vstem(self, index):
            self.countHints()

        def op_hstemhm(self, index):
            self.countHints()

        def op_vstemhm(self, index):
            self.countHints()

        def op_hintmask(self, index):
            if not self.hintMaskBytes:
                self.countHints()
                self.hintMaskBytes = (self.hintCount + 7) // 8
            hintMaskBytes, index = self.callingStack[-1].getBytes(index, self.hintMaskBytes)
            return hintMaskBytes, index

        op_cntrmask = op_hintmask

        def countHints(self):
            args = self.popall()
            self.hintCount = self.hintCount + len(args) // 2

        # misc

        def op_and(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_or(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_not(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_store(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_abs(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_add(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_sub(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_div(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_load(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_neg(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_eq(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_drop(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_put(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_get(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_ifelse(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_random(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_mul(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_sqrt(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_dup(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_exch(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_index(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_roll(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_blend(self, index):
            if self.numRegions == 0:
                self.numRegions = self.private.getNumRegions()
            numBlends = self.pop()
            numOps = numBlends * (self.numRegions + 1)
            if self.blender is None:
                del self.operandStack[
                    -(numOps - numBlends) :
                ]  # Leave the default operands on the stack.
            else:
                argi = len(self.operandStack) - numOps
                end_args = tuplei = argi + numBlends
                while argi < end_args:
                    next_ti = tuplei + self.numRegions
                    deltas = self.operandStack[tuplei:next_ti]
                    delta = self.blender(self.vsIndex, deltas)
                    self.operandStack[argi] += delta
                    tuplei = next_ti
                    argi += 1
                self.operandStack[end_args:] = []

        def op_vsindex(self, index):
            vi = self.pop()
            self.vsIndex = vi
            self.numRegions = self.private.getNumRegions(vi)

    t1Operators = [
        # 	opcode		name
        (1, "hstem"),
        (3, "vstem"),
        (4, "vmoveto"),
        (5, "rlineto"),
        (6, "hlineto"),
        (7, "vlineto"),
        (8, "rrcurveto"),
        (9, "closepath"),
        (10, "callsubr"),
        (11, "return"),
        (13, "hsbw"),
        (14, "endchar"),
        (21, "rmoveto"),
        (22, "hmoveto"),
        (30, "vhcurveto"),
        (31, "hvcurveto"),
        ((12, 0), "dotsection"),
        ((12, 1), "vstem3"),
        ((12, 2), "hstem3"),
        ((12, 6), "seac"),
        ((12, 7), "sbw"),
        ((12, 12), "div"),
        ((12, 16), "callothersubr"),
        ((12, 17), "pop"),
        ((12, 33), "setcurrentpoint"),
    ]

    class T2StackUseExtractor(SimpleT2Decompiler):

        def execute(self, charString):
            maxStackUse = 0

            def pushToStack(value):
                nonlocal maxStackUse
                self.operandStack.append(value)
                maxStackUse = max(maxStackUse, len(self.operandStack))

            super().execute(charString, pushToStack=pushToStack)
            return maxStackUse

    class T2WidthExtractor(SimpleT2Decompiler):
        def __init__(
            self,
            localSubrs,
            globalSubrs,
            nominalWidthX,
            defaultWidthX,
            private=None,
            blender=None,
        ):
            SimpleT2Decompiler.__init__(self, localSubrs, globalSubrs, private, blender)
            self.nominalWidthX = nominalWidthX
            self.defaultWidthX = defaultWidthX

        def reset(self):
            SimpleT2Decompiler.reset(self)
            self.gotWidth = 0
            self.width = 0

        def popallWidth(self, evenOdd=0):
            args = self.popall()
            if not self.gotWidth:
                if evenOdd ^ (len(args) % 2):
                    # For CFF2 charstrings, this should never happen
                    assert (
                        self.defaultWidthX is not None
                    ), "CFF2 CharStrings must not have an initial width value"
                    self.width = self.nominalWidthX + args[0]
                    args = args[1:]
                else:
                    self.width = self.defaultWidthX
                self.gotWidth = 1
            return args

        def countHints(self):
            args = self.popallWidth()
            self.hintCount = self.hintCount + len(args) // 2

        def op_rmoveto(self, index):
            self.popallWidth()

        def op_hmoveto(self, index):
            self.popallWidth(1)

        def op_vmoveto(self, index):
            self.popallWidth(1)

        def op_endchar(self, index):
            self.popallWidth()

    class T2OutlineExtractor(T2WidthExtractor):
        def __init__(
            self,
            pen,
            localSubrs,
            globalSubrs,
            nominalWidthX,
            defaultWidthX,
            private=None,
            blender=None,
        ):
            T2WidthExtractor.__init__(
                self,
                localSubrs,
                globalSubrs,
                nominalWidthX,
                defaultWidthX,
                private,
                blender,
            )
            self.pen = pen
            self.subrLevel = 0

        def reset(self):
            T2WidthExtractor.reset(self)
            self.currentPoint = (0, 0)
            self.sawMoveTo = 0
            self.subrLevel = 0

        def execute(self, charString):
            self.subrLevel += 1
            super().execute(charString)
            self.subrLevel -= 1
            if self.subrLevel == 0:
                self.endPath()

        def _nextPoint(self, point):
            x, y = self.currentPoint
            point = x + point[0], y + point[1]
            self.currentPoint = point
            return point

        def rMoveTo(self, point):
            self.pen.moveTo(self._nextPoint(point))
            self.sawMoveTo = 1

        def rLineTo(self, point):
            if not self.sawMoveTo:
                self.rMoveTo((0, 0))
            self.pen.lineTo(self._nextPoint(point))

        def rCurveTo(self, pt1, pt2, pt3):
            if not self.sawMoveTo:
                self.rMoveTo((0, 0))
            nextPoint = self._nextPoint
            self.pen.curveTo(nextPoint(pt1), nextPoint(pt2), nextPoint(pt3))

        def closePath(self):
            if self.sawMoveTo:
                self.pen.closePath()
            self.sawMoveTo = 0

        def endPath(self):
            # In T2 there are no open paths, so always do a closePath when
            # finishing a sub path. We avoid spurious calls to closePath()
            # because its a real T1 op we're emulating in T2 whereas
            # endPath() is just a means to that emulation
            if self.sawMoveTo:
                self.closePath()

        #
        # hint operators
        #
        # def op_hstem(self, index):
        # 	self.countHints()
        # def op_vstem(self, index):
        # 	self.countHints()
        # def op_hstemhm(self, index):
        # 	self.countHints()
        # def op_vstemhm(self, index):
        # 	self.countHints()
        # def op_hintmask(self, index):
        # 	self.countHints()
        # def op_cntrmask(self, index):
        # 	self.countHints()

        #
        # path constructors, moveto
        #

        def op_rmoveto(self, index):
            self.endPath()
            self.rMoveTo(self.popallWidth())

        def op_hmoveto(self, index):
            self.endPath()
            self.rMoveTo((self.popallWidth(1)[0], 0))

        def op_vmoveto(self, index):
            self.endPath()
            self.rMoveTo((0, self.popallWidth(1)[0]))

        def op_endchar(self, index):
            self.endPath()
            args = self.popallWidth()
            if args:
                from fontTools.encodings.StandardEncoding import StandardEncoding

                # endchar can do seac accent bulding; The T2 spec says it's deprecated,
                # but recent software that shall remain nameless does output it.
                adx, ady, bchar, achar = args
                baseGlyph = StandardEncoding[bchar]
                self.pen.addComponent(baseGlyph, (1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0))
                accentGlyph = StandardEncoding[achar]
                self.pen.addComponent(accentGlyph, (1, 0, 0, 1, adx, ady))

        #
        # path constructors, lines
        #

        def op_rlineto(self, index):
            args = self.popall()
            for i in range(0, len(args), 2):
                point = args[i : i + 2]
                self.rLineTo(point)

        def op_hlineto(self, index):
            self.alternatingLineto(1)

        def op_vlineto(self, index):
            self.alternatingLineto(0)

        #
        # path constructors, curves
        #

        def op_rrcurveto(self, index):
            """{dxa dya dxb dyb dxc dyc}+ rrcurveto"""
            args = self.popall()
            for i in range(0, len(args), 6):
                (
                    dxa,
                    dya,
                    dxb,
                    dyb,
                    dxc,
                    dyc,
                ) = args[i : i + 6]
                self.rCurveTo((dxa, dya), (dxb, dyb), (dxc, dyc))

        def op_rcurveline(self, index):
            """{dxa dya dxb dyb dxc dyc}+ dxd dyd rcurveline"""
            args = self.popall()
            for i in range(0, len(args) - 2, 6):
                dxb, dyb, dxc, dyc, dxd, dyd = args[i : i + 6]
                self.rCurveTo((dxb, dyb), (dxc, dyc), (dxd, dyd))
            self.rLineTo(args[-2:])

        def op_rlinecurve(self, index):
            """{dxa dya}+ dxb dyb dxc dyc dxd dyd rlinecurve"""
            args = self.popall()
            lineArgs = args[:-6]
            for i in range(0, len(lineArgs), 2):
                self.rLineTo(lineArgs[i : i + 2])
            dxb, dyb, dxc, dyc, dxd, dyd = args[-6:]
            self.rCurveTo((dxb, dyb), (dxc, dyc), (dxd, dyd))

        def op_vvcurveto(self, index):
            "dx1? {dya dxb dyb dyc}+ vvcurveto"
            args = self.popall()
            if len(args) % 2:
                dx1 = args[0]
                args = args[1:]
            else:
                dx1 = 0
            for i in range(0, len(args), 4):
                dya, dxb, dyb, dyc = args[i : i + 4]
                self.rCurveTo((dx1, dya), (dxb, dyb), (0, dyc))
                dx1 = 0

        def op_hhcurveto(self, index):
            """dy1? {dxa dxb dyb dxc}+ hhcurveto"""
            args = self.popall()
            if len(args) % 2:
                dy1 = args[0]
                args = args[1:]
            else:
                dy1 = 0
            for i in range(0, len(args), 4):
                dxa, dxb, dyb, dxc = args[i : i + 4]
                self.rCurveTo((dxa, dy1), (dxb, dyb), (dxc, 0))
                dy1 = 0

        def op_vhcurveto(self, index):
            """dy1 dx2 dy2 dx3 {dxa dxb dyb dyc dyd dxe dye dxf}* dyf? vhcurveto (30)
            {dya dxb dyb dxc dxd dxe dye dyf}+ dxf? vhcurveto
            """
            args = self.popall()
            while args:
                args = self.vcurveto(args)
                if args:
                    args = self.hcurveto(args)

        def op_hvcurveto(self, index):
            """dx1 dx2 dy2 dy3 {dya dxb dyb dxc dxd dxe dye dyf}* dxf?
            {dxa dxb dyb dyc dyd dxe dye dxf}+ dyf?
            """
            args = self.popall()
            while args:
                args = self.hcurveto(args)
                if args:
                    args = self.vcurveto(args)

        #
        # path constructors, flex
        #

        def op_hflex(self, index):
            dx1, dx2, dy2, dx3, dx4, dx5, dx6 = self.popall()
            dy1 = dy3 = dy4 = dy6 = 0
            dy5 = -dy2
            self.rCurveTo((dx1, dy1), (dx2, dy2), (dx3, dy3))
            self.rCurveTo((dx4, dy4), (dx5, dy5), (dx6, dy6))

        def op_flex(self, index):
            dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, dx3, dy3, dx4, dy4, dx5, dy5, dx6, dy6, fd = self.popall()
            self.rCurveTo((dx1, dy1), (dx2, dy2), (dx3, dy3))
            self.rCurveTo((dx4, dy4), (dx5, dy5), (dx6, dy6))

        def op_hflex1(self, index):
            dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, dx3, dx4, dx5, dy5, dx6 = self.popall()
            dy3 = dy4 = 0
            dy6 = -(dy1 + dy2 + dy3 + dy4 + dy5)

            self.rCurveTo((dx1, dy1), (dx2, dy2), (dx3, dy3))
            self.rCurveTo((dx4, dy4), (dx5, dy5), (dx6, dy6))

        def op_flex1(self, index):
            dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, dx3, dy3, dx4, dy4, dx5, dy5, d6 = self.popall()
            dx = dx1 + dx2 + dx3 + dx4 + dx5
            dy = dy1 + dy2 + dy3 + dy4 + dy5
            if abs(dx) > abs(dy):
                dx6 = d6
                dy6 = -dy
            else:
                dx6 = -dx
                dy6 = d6
            self.rCurveTo((dx1, dy1), (dx2, dy2), (dx3, dy3))
            self.rCurveTo((dx4, dy4), (dx5, dy5), (dx6, dy6))

        # misc

        def op_and(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_or(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_not(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_store(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_abs(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_add(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_sub(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_div(self, index):
            num2 = self.pop()
            num1 = self.pop()
            d1 = num1 // num2
            d2 = num1 / num2
            if d1 == d2:
                self.push(d1)
            else:
                self.push(d2)

        def op_load(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_neg(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_eq(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_drop(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_put(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_get(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_ifelse(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_random(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_mul(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_sqrt(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_dup(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_exch(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_index(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def op_roll(self, index):
            raise NotImplementedError

        #
        # miscellaneous helpers
        #

        def alternatingLineto(self, isHorizontal):
            args = self.popall()
            for arg in args:
                if isHorizontal:
                    point = (arg, 0)
                else:
                    point = (0, arg)
                self.rLineTo(point)
                isHorizontal = not isHorizontal

        def vcurveto(self, args):
            dya, dxb, dyb, dxc = args[:4]
            args = args[4:]
            if len(args) == 1:
                dyc = args[0]
                args = []
            else:
                dyc = 0
            self.rCurveTo((0, dya), (dxb, dyb), (dxc, dyc))
            return args

        def hcurveto(self, args):
            dxa, dxb, dyb, dyc = args[:4]
            args = args[4:]
            if len(args) == 1:
                dxc = args[0]
                args = []
            else:
                dxc = 0
            self.rCurveTo((dxa, 0), (dxb, dyb), (dxc, dyc))
            return args

    class T1OutlineExtractor(T2OutlineExtractor):
        def __init__(self, pen, subrs):
            self.pen = pen
            self.subrs = subrs
            self.reset()

        def reset(self):
            self.flexing = 0
            self.width = 0
            self.sbx = 0
            T2OutlineExtractor.reset(self)

        def endPath(self):
            if self.sawMoveTo:
                self.pen.endPath()
            self.sawMoveTo = 0

        def popallWidth(self, evenOdd=0):
            return self.popall()

        def exch(self):
            stack = self.operandStack
            stack[-1], stack[-2] = stack[-2], stack[-1]

        #
        # path constructors
        #

        def op_rmoveto(self, index):
            if self.flexing:
                return
            self.endPath()
            self.rMoveTo(self.popall())

        def op_hmoveto(self, index):
            if self.flexing:
                # We must add a parameter to the stack if we are flexing
                self.push(0)
                return
            self.endPath()
            self.rMoveTo((self.popall()[0], 0))

        def op_vmoveto(self, index):
            if self.flexing:
                # We must add a parameter to the stack if we are flexing
                self.push(0)
                self.exch()
                return
            self.endPath()
            self.rMoveTo((0, self.popall()[0]))

        def op_closepath(self, index):
            self.closePath()

        def op_setcurrentpoint(self, index):
            args = self.popall()
            x, y = args
            self.currentPoint = x, y

        def op_endchar(self, index):
            self.endPath()

        def op_hsbw(self, index):
            sbx, wx = self.popall()
            self.width = wx
            self.sbx = sbx
            self.currentPoint = sbx, self.currentPoint[1]

        def op_sbw(self, index):
            self.popall()  # XXX

        #

        def op_callsubr(self, index):
            subrIndex = self.pop()
            subr = self.subrs[subrIndex]
            self.execute(subr)

        def op_callothersubr(self, index):
            subrIndex = self.pop()
            nArgs = self.pop()
            # print nArgs, subrIndex, "callothersubr"
            if subrIndex == 0 and nArgs == 3:
                self.doFlex()
                self.flexing = 0
            elif subrIndex == 1 and nArgs == 0:
                self.flexing = 1

            # ignore...

        def op_pop(self, index):
            pass  # ignore...

        def doFlex(self):
            finaly = self.pop()
            finalx = self.pop()
            self.pop()  # flex height is unused

            p3y = self.pop()
            p3x = self.pop()
            bcp4y = self.pop()
            bcp4x = self.pop()
            bcp3y = self.pop()
            bcp3x = self.pop()
            p2y = self.pop()
            p2x = self.pop()
            bcp2y = self.pop()
            bcp2x = self.pop()
            bcp1y = self.pop()
            bcp1x = self.pop()
            rpy = self.pop()
            rpx = self.pop()

            # call rrcurveto
            self.push(bcp1x + rpx)
            self.push(bcp1y + rpy)
            self.push(bcp2x)
            self.push(bcp2y)
            self.push(p2x)
            self.push(p2y)
            self.op_rrcurveto(None)

            # call rrcurveto
            self.push(bcp3x)
            self.push(bcp3y)
            self.push(bcp4x)
            self.push(bcp4y)
            self.push(p3x)
            self.push(p3y)
            self.op_rrcurveto(None)

            # Push back final coords so subr 0 can find them
            self.push(finalx)
            self.push(finaly)

        def op_dotsection(self, index):
            self.popall()  # XXX

        def op_hstem3(self, index):
            self.popall()  # XXX

        def op_seac(self, index):
            "asb adx ady bchar achar seac"
            from fontTools.encodings.StandardEncoding import StandardEncoding

            asb, adx, ady, bchar, achar = self.popall()
            baseGlyph = StandardEncoding[bchar]
            self.pen.addComponent(baseGlyph, (1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0))
            accentGlyph = StandardEncoding[achar]
            adx = adx + self.sbx - asb  # seac weirdness
            self.pen.addComponent(accentGlyph, (1, 0, 0, 1, adx, ady))

        def op_vstem3(self, index):
            self.popall()  # XXX

    class T2CharString(object):
        operandEncoding = t2OperandEncoding
        operators, opcodes = buildOperatorDict(t2Operators)
        decompilerClass = SimpleT2Decompiler
        outlineExtractor = T2OutlineExtractor

        def __init__(self, bytecode=None, program=None, private=None, globalSubrs=None):
            if program is None:
                program = []
            self.bytecode = bytecode
            self.program = program
            self.private = private
            self.globalSubrs = globalSubrs if globalSubrs is not None else []
            self._cur_vsindex = None

        def getNumRegions(self, vsindex=None):
            pd = self.private
            assert pd is not None
            if vsindex is not None:
                self._cur_vsindex = vsindex
            elif self._cur_vsindex is None:
                self._cur_vsindex = pd.vsindex if hasattr(pd, "vsindex") else 0
            return pd.getNumRegions(self._cur_vsindex)

        def __repr__(self):
            if self.bytecode is None:
                return "<%s (source) at %x>" % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self))
            else:
                return "<%s (bytecode) at %x>" % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self))

        def getIntEncoder(self):
            return encodeIntT2

        def getFixedEncoder(self):
            return encodeFixed

        def decompile(self):
            if not self.needsDecompilation():
                return
            subrs = getattr(self.private, "Subrs", [])
            decompiler = self.decompilerClass(subrs, self.globalSubrs, self.private)
            decompiler.execute(self)

        def draw(self, pen, blender=None):
            subrs = getattr(self.private, "Subrs", [])
            extractor = self.outlineExtractor(
                pen,
                subrs,
                self.globalSubrs,
                self.private.nominalWidthX,
                self.private.defaultWidthX,
                self.private,
                blender,
            )
            extractor.execute(self)
            self.width = extractor.width

        def calcBounds(self, glyphSet):
            boundsPen = BoundsPen(glyphSet)
            self.draw(boundsPen)
            return boundsPen.bounds

        def compile(self, isCFF2=False):
            if self.bytecode is not None:
                return
            opcodes = self.opcodes
            program = self.program

            if isCFF2:
                # If present, remove return and endchar operators.
                if program and program[-1] in ("return", "endchar"):
                    program = program[:-1]
            elif program and not isinstance(program[-1], str):
                raise CharStringCompileError(
                    "T2CharString or Subr has items on the stack after last operator."
                )

            bytecode = []
            encodeInt = self.getIntEncoder()
            encodeFixed = self.getFixedEncoder()
            i = 0
            end = len(program)
            while i < end:
                token = program[i]
                i = i + 1
                if isinstance(token, str):
                    try:
                        bytecode.extend(bytechr(b) for b in opcodes[token])
                    except KeyError:
                        raise CharStringCompileError("illegal operator: %s" % token)
                    if token in ("hintmask", "cntrmask"):
                        bytecode.append(program[i])  # hint mask
                        i = i + 1
                elif isinstance(token, int):
                    bytecode.append(encodeInt(token))
                elif isinstance(token, float):
                    bytecode.append(encodeFixed(token))
                else:
                    assert 0, "unsupported type: %s" % type(token)
            try:
                bytecode = bytesjoin(bytecode)
            except TypeError:
                log.error(bytecode)
                raise
            self.setBytecode(bytecode)

        def needsDecompilation(self):
            return self.bytecode is not None

        def setProgram(self, program):
            self.program = program
            self.bytecode = None

        def setBytecode(self, bytecode):
            self.bytecode = bytecode
            self.program = None

        def getToken(self, index, len=len, byteord=byteord, isinstance=isinstance):
            if self.bytecode is not None:
                if index >= len(self.bytecode):
                    return None, 0, 0
                b0 = byteord(self.bytecode[index])
                index = index + 1
                handler = self.operandEncoding[b0]
                token, index = handler(self, b0, self.bytecode, index)
            else:
                if index >= len(self.program):
                    return None, 0, 0
                token = self.program[index]
                index = index + 1
            isOperator = isinstance(token, str)
            return token, isOperator, index

        def getBytes(self, index, nBytes):
            if self.bytecode is not None:
                newIndex = index + nBytes
                bytes = self.bytecode[index:newIndex]
                index = newIndex
            else:
                bytes = self.program[index]
                index = index + 1
            assert len(bytes) == nBytes
            return bytes, index

        def handle_operator(self, operator):
            return operator

        def toXML(self, xmlWriter, ttFont=None):
            from fontTools.misc.textTools import num2binary

            if self.bytecode is not None:
                xmlWriter.dumphex(self.bytecode)
            else:
                index = 0
                args = []
                while True:
                    token, isOperator, index = self.getToken(index)
                    if token is None:
                        break
                    if isOperator:
                        if token in ("hintmask", "cntrmask"):
                            hintMask, isOperator, index = self.getToken(index)
                            bits = []
                            for byte in hintMask:
                                bits.append(num2binary(byteord(byte), 8))
                            hintMask = strjoin(bits)
                            line = " ".join(args + [token, hintMask])
                        else:
                            line = " ".join(args + [token])
                        xmlWriter.write(line)
                        xmlWriter.newline()
                        args = []
                    else:
                        if isinstance(token, float):
                            token = floatToFixedToStr(token, precisionBits=16)
                        else:
                            token = str(token)
                        args.append(token)
                if args:
                    # NOTE: only CFF2 charstrings/subrs can have numeric arguments on
                    # the stack after the last operator. Compiling this would fail if
                    # this is part of CFF 1.0 table.
                    line = " ".join(args)
                    xmlWriter.write(line)

        def fromXML(self, name, attrs, content):
            from fontTools.misc.textTools import binary2num, readHex

            if attrs.get("raw"):
                self.setBytecode(readHex(content))
                return
            content = strjoin(content)
            content = content.split()
            program = []
            end = len(content)
            i = 0
            while i < end:
                token = content[i]
                i = i + 1
                try:
                    token = int(token)
                except ValueError:
                    try:
                        token = strToFixedToFloat(token, precisionBits=16)
                    except ValueError:
                        program.append(token)
                        if token in ("hintmask", "cntrmask"):
                            mask = content[i]
                            maskBytes = b""
                            for j in range(0, len(mask), 8):
                                maskBytes = maskBytes + bytechr(binary2num(mask[j : j + 8]))
                            program.append(maskBytes)
                            i = i + 1
                    else:
                        program.append(token)
                else:
                    program.append(token)
            self.setProgram(program)

    class T1CharString(T2CharString):
        operandEncoding = t1OperandEncoding
        operators, opcodes = buildOperatorDict(t1Operators)

        def __init__(self, bytecode=None, program=None, subrs=None):
            super().__init__(bytecode, program)
            self.subrs = subrs

        def getIntEncoder(self):
            return encodeIntT1

        def getFixedEncoder(self):
            def encodeFixed(value):
                raise TypeError("Type 1 charstrings don't support floating point operands")

        def decompile(self):
            if self.bytecode is None:
                return
            program = []
            index = 0
            while True:
                token, isOperator, index = self.getToken(index)
                if token is None:
                    break
                program.append(token)
            self.setProgram(program)

        def draw(self, pen):
            extractor = T1OutlineExtractor(pen, self.subrs)
            extractor.execute(self)
            self.width = extractor.width

    class DictDecompiler(object):
        operandEncoding = cffDictOperandEncoding

        def __init__(self, strings, parent=None):
            self.stack = []
            self.strings = strings
            self.dict = {}
            self.parent = parent

        def getDict(self):
            assert len(self.stack) == 0, "non-empty stack"
            return self.dict

        def decompile(self, data):
            index = 0
            lenData = len(data)
            push = self.stack.append
            while index < lenData:
                b0 = byteord(data[index])
                index = index + 1
                handler = self.operandEncoding[b0]
                value, index = handler(self, b0, data, index)
                if value is not None:
                    push(value)

        def pop(self):
            value = self.stack[-1]
            del self.stack[-1]
            return value

        def popall(self):
            args = self.stack[:]
            del self.stack[:]
            return args

        def handle_operator(self, operator):
            operator, argType = operator
            if isinstance(argType, tuple):
                value = ()
                for i in range(len(argType) - 1, -1, -1):
                    arg = argType[i]
                    arghandler = getattr(self, "arg_" + arg)
                    value = (arghandler(operator),) + value
            else:
                arghandler = getattr(self, "arg_" + argType)
                value = arghandler(operator)
            if operator == "blend":
                self.stack.extend(value)
            else:
                self.dict[operator] = value

        def arg_number(self, name):
            if isinstance(self.stack[0], list):
                out = self.arg_blend_number(self.stack)
            else:
                out = self.pop()
            return out

        def arg_blend_number(self, name):
            out = []
            blendArgs = self.pop()
            numMasters = len(blendArgs)
            out.append(blendArgs)
            out.append("blend")
            dummy = self.popall()
            return blendArgs

        def arg_SID(self, name):
            return self.strings[self.pop()]

        def arg_array(self, name):
            return self.popall()

        def arg_blendList(self, name):
            """
            There may be non-blend args at the top of the stack. We first calculate
            where the blend args start in the stack. These are the last
            numMasters*numBlends) +1 args.
            The blend args starts with numMasters relative coordinate values, the  BlueValues in the list from the default master font. This is followed by
            numBlends list of values. Each of  value in one of these lists is the
            Variable Font delta for the matching region.

            We re-arrange this to be a list of numMaster entries. Each entry starts with the corresponding default font relative value, and is followed by
            the delta values. We then convert the default values, the first item in each entry, to an absolute value.
            """
            vsindex = self.dict.get("vsindex", 0)
            numMasters = (
                self.parent.getNumRegions(vsindex) + 1
            )  # only a PrivateDict has blended ops.
            numBlends = self.pop()
            args = self.popall()
            numArgs = len(args)
            # The spec says that there should be no non-blended Blue Values,.
            assert numArgs == numMasters * numBlends
            value = [None] * numBlends
            numDeltas = numMasters - 1
            i = 0
            prevVal = 0
            while i < numBlends:
                newVal = args[i] + prevVal
                prevVal = newVal
                masterOffset = numBlends + (i * numDeltas)
                blendList = [newVal] + args[masterOffset : masterOffset + numDeltas]
                value[i] = blendList
                i += 1
            return value

        def arg_delta(self, name):
            valueList = self.popall()
            out = []
            if valueList and isinstance(valueList[0], list):
                # arg_blendList() has already converted these to absolute values.
                out = valueList
            else:
                current = 0
                for v in valueList:
                    current = current + v
                    out.append(current)
            return out

    def calcSubrBias(subrs):
        nSubrs = len(subrs)
        if nSubrs < 1240:
            bias = 107
        elif nSubrs < 33900:
            bias = 1131
        else:
            bias = 32768
        return bias