# Source code for pathlib

    """Object-oriented filesystem paths.

    This module provides classes to represent abstract paths and concrete
    paths with operations that have semantics appropriate for different
    operating systems.
    """

    import io
    import operator
    import os
    import posixpath
    import sys
    from errno import *
    from glob import _StringGlobber, _no_recurse_symlinks
    from itertools import chain
    from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFO
    from _collections_abc import Sequence

    try:
        import pwd
    except ImportError:
        pwd = None
    try:
        import grp
    except ImportError:
        grp = None

    from pathlib._os import (
        PathInfo, DirEntryInfo,
        ensure_different_files, ensure_distinct_paths,
        copyfile2, copyfileobj, magic_open, copy_info,
    )

    __all__ = [
        "UnsupportedOperation",
        "PurePath", "PurePosixPath", "PureWindowsPath",
        "Path", "PosixPath", "WindowsPath",
        ]

    class UnsupportedOperation(NotImplementedError):
        """An exception that is raised when an unsupported operation is attempted.
        """
        pass

    class _PathParents(Sequence):
        """This object provides sequence-like access to the logical ancestors
        of a path.  Don't try to construct it yourself."""
        __slots__ = ('_path', '_drv', '_root', '_tail')

        def __init__(self, path):
            self._path = path
            self._drv = path.drive
            self._root = path.root
            self._tail = path._tail

        def __len__(self):
            return len(self._tail)

        def __getitem__(self, idx):
            if isinstance(idx, slice):
                return tuple(self[i] for i in range(*idx.indices(len(self))))

            if idx >= len(self) or idx < -len(self):
                raise IndexError(idx)
            if idx < 0:
                idx += len(self)
            return self._path._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
                                                 self._tail[:-idx - 1])

        def __repr__(self):
            return "<{}.parents>".format(type(self._path).__name__)

    class PurePath:
        """Base class for manipulating paths without I/O.

        PurePath represents a filesystem path and offers operations which
        don't imply any actual filesystem I/O.  Depending on your system,
        instantiating a PurePath will return either a PurePosixPath or a
        PureWindowsPath object.  You can also instantiate either of these classes
        directly, regardless of your system.
        """

        __slots__ = (
            # The `_raw_paths` slot stores unjoined string paths. This is set in
            # the `__init__()` method.
            '_raw_paths',

            # The `_drv`, `_root` and `_tail_cached` slots store parsed and
            # normalized parts of the path. They are set when any of the `drive`,
            # `root` or `_tail` properties are accessed for the first time. The
            # three-part division corresponds to the result of
            # `os.path.splitroot()`, except that the tail is further split on path
            # separators (i.e. it is a list of strings), and that the root and
            # tail are normalized.
            '_drv', '_root', '_tail_cached',

            # The `_str` slot stores the string representation of the path,
            # computed from the drive, root and tail when `__str__()` is called
            # for the first time. It's used to implement `_str_normcase`
            '_str',

            # The `_str_normcase_cached` slot stores the string path with
            # normalized case. It is set when the `_str_normcase` property is
            # accessed for the first time. It's used to implement `__eq__()`
            # `__hash__()`, and `_parts_normcase`
            '_str_normcase_cached',

            # The `_parts_normcase_cached` slot stores the case-normalized
            # string path after splitting on path separators. It's set when the
            # `_parts_normcase` property is accessed for the first time. It's used
            # to implement comparison methods like `__lt__()`.
            '_parts_normcase_cached',

            # The `_hash` slot stores the hash of the case-normalized string
            # path. It's set when `__hash__()` is called for the first time.
            '_hash',
        )
        parser = os.path

        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
            """Construct a PurePath from one or several strings and or existing
            PurePath objects.  The strings and path objects are combined so as
            to yield a canonicalized path, which is incorporated into the
            new PurePath object.
            """
            if cls is PurePath:
                cls = PureWindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PurePosixPath
            return object.__new__(cls)

        def __init__(self, *args):
            paths = []
            for arg in args:
                if isinstance(arg, PurePath):
                    if arg.parser is not self.parser:
                        # GH-103631: Convert separators for backwards compatibility.
                        paths.append(arg.as_posix())
                    else:
                        paths.extend(arg._raw_paths)
                else:
                    try:
                        path = os.fspath(arg)
                    except TypeError:
                        path = arg
                    if not isinstance(path, str):
                        raise TypeError(
                            "argument should be a str or an os.PathLike "
                            "object where __fspath__ returns a str, "
                            f"not {type(path).__name__!r}")
                    paths.append(path)
            self._raw_paths = paths

        def with_segments(self, *pathsegments):
            """Construct a new path object from any number of path-like objects.
            Subclasses may override this method to customize how new path objects
            are created from methods like `iterdir()`.
            """
            return type(self)(*pathsegments)

        def joinpath(self, *pathsegments):
            """Combine this path with one or several arguments, and return a
            new path representing either a subpath (if all arguments are relative
            paths) or a totally different path (if one of the arguments is
            anchored).
            """
            return self.with_segments(self, *pathsegments)

        def __truediv__(self, key):
            try:
                return self.with_segments(self, key)
            except TypeError:
                return NotImplemented

        def __rtruediv__(self, key):
            try:
                return self.with_segments(key, self)
            except TypeError:
                return NotImplemented

        def __reduce__(self):
            return self.__class__, tuple(self._raw_paths)

        def __repr__(self):
            return "{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.as_posix())

        def __fspath__(self):
            return str(self)

        def __bytes__(self):
            """Return the bytes representation of the path.  This is only
            recommended to use under Unix."""
            return os.fsencode(self)

        @property
        def _str_normcase(self):
            # String with normalized case, for hashing and equality checks
            try:
                return self._str_normcase_cached
            except AttributeError:
                if self.parser is posixpath:
                    self._str_normcase_cached = str(self)
                else:
                    self._str_normcase_cached = str(self).lower()
                return self._str_normcase_cached

        def __hash__(self):
            try:
                return self._hash
            except AttributeError:
                self._hash = hash(self._str_normcase)
                return self._hash

        def __eq__(self, other):
            if not isinstance(other, PurePath):
                return NotImplemented
            return self._str_normcase == other._str_normcase and self.parser is other.parser

        @property
        def _parts_normcase(self):
            # Cached parts with normalized case, for comparisons.
            try:
                return self._parts_normcase_cached
            except AttributeError:
                self._parts_normcase_cached = self._str_normcase.split(self.parser.sep)
                return self._parts_normcase_cached

        def __lt__(self, other):
            if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.parser is not other.parser:
                return NotImplemented
            return self._parts_normcase < other._parts_normcase

        def __le__(self, other):
            if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.parser is not other.parser:
                return NotImplemented
            return self._parts_normcase <= other._parts_normcase

        def __gt__(self, other):
            if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.parser is not other.parser:
                return NotImplemented
            return self._parts_normcase > other._parts_normcase

        def __ge__(self, other):
            if not isinstance(other, PurePath) or self.parser is not other.parser:
                return NotImplemented
            return self._parts_normcase >= other._parts_normcase

        def __str__(self):
            """Return the string representation of the path, suitable for
            passing to system calls."""
            try:
                return self._str
            except AttributeError:
                self._str = self._format_parsed_parts(self.drive, self.root,
                                                      self._tail) or '.'
                return self._str

        @classmethod
        def _format_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, tail):
            if drv or root:
                return drv + root + cls.parser.sep.join(tail)
            elif tail and cls.parser.splitdrive(tail[0])[0]:
                tail = ['.'] + tail
            return cls.parser.sep.join(tail)

        def _from_parsed_parts(self, drv, root, tail):
            path = self._from_parsed_string(self._format_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail))
            path._drv = drv
            path._root = root
            path._tail_cached = tail
            return path

        def _from_parsed_string(self, path_str):
            path = self.with_segments(path_str)
            path._str = path_str or '.'
            return path

        @classmethod
        def _parse_path(cls, path):
            if not path:
                return '', '', []
            sep = cls.parser.sep
            altsep = cls.parser.altsep
            if altsep:
                path = path.replace(altsep, sep)
            drv, root, rel = cls.parser.splitroot(path)
            if not root and drv.startswith(sep) and not drv.endswith(sep):
                drv_parts = drv.split(sep)
                if len(drv_parts) == 4 and drv_parts[2] not in '?.':
                    # e.g. //server/share
                    root = sep
                elif len(drv_parts) == 6:
                    # e.g. //?/unc/server/share
                    root = sep
            return drv, root, [x for x in rel.split(sep) if x and x != '.']

        @classmethod
        def _parse_pattern(cls, pattern):
            """Parse a glob pattern to a list of parts. This is much like
            _parse_path, except:

            - Rather than normalizing and returning the drive and root, we raise
              NotImplementedError if either are present.
            - If the path has no real parts, we raise ValueError.
            - If the path ends in a slash, then a final empty part is added.
            """
            drv, root, rel = cls.parser.splitroot(pattern)
            if root or drv:
                raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported")
            sep = cls.parser.sep
            altsep = cls.parser.altsep
            if altsep:
                rel = rel.replace(altsep, sep)
            parts = [x for x in rel.split(sep) if x and x != '.']
            if not parts:
                raise ValueError(f"Unacceptable pattern: {str(pattern)!r}")
            elif rel.endswith(sep):
                # GH-65238: preserve trailing slash in glob patterns.
                parts.append('')
            return parts

        def as_posix(self):
            """Return the string representation of the path with forward (/)
            slashes."""
            return str(self).replace(self.parser.sep, '/')

        @property
        def _raw_path(self):
            paths = self._raw_paths
            if len(paths) == 1:
                return paths[0]
            elif paths:
                # Join path segments from the initializer.
                return self.parser.join(*paths)
            else:
                return ''

        @property
        def drive(self):
            """The drive prefix (letter or UNC path), if any."""
            try:
                return self._drv
            except AttributeError:
                self._drv, self._root, self._tail_cached = self._parse_path(self._raw_path)
                return self._drv

        @property
        def root(self):
            """The root of the path, if any."""
            try:
                return self._root
            except AttributeError:
                self._drv, self._root, self._tail_cached = self._parse_path(self._raw_path)
                return self._root

        @property
        def _tail(self):
            try:
                return self._tail_cached
            except AttributeError:
                self._drv, self._root, self._tail_cached = self._parse_path(self._raw_path)
                return self._tail_cached

        @property
        def anchor(self):
            """The concatenation of the drive and root, or ''."""
            return self.drive + self.root

        @property
        def parts(self):
            """An object providing sequence-like access to the
            components in the filesystem path."""
            if self.drive or self.root:
                return (self.drive + self.root,) + tuple(self._tail)
            else:
                return tuple(self._tail)

        @property
        def parent(self):
            """The logical parent of the path."""
            drv = self.drive
            root = self.root
            tail = self._tail
            if not tail:
                return self
            return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail[:-1])

        @property
        def parents(self):
            """A sequence of this path's logical parents."""
            # The value of this property should not be cached on the path object,
            # as doing so would introduce a reference cycle.
            return _PathParents(self)

        @property
        def name(self):
            """The final path component, if any."""
            tail = self._tail
            if not tail:
                return ''
            return tail[-1]

        def with_name(self, name):
            """Return a new path with the file name changed."""
            p = self.parser
            if not name or p.sep in name or (p.altsep and p.altsep in name) or name == '.':
                raise ValueError(f"Invalid name {name!r}")
            tail = self._tail.copy()
            if not tail:
                raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
            tail[-1] = name
            return self._from_parsed_parts(self.drive, self.root, tail)

        def with_stem(self, stem):
            """Return a new path with the stem changed."""
            suffix = self.suffix
            if not suffix:
                return self.with_name(stem)
            elif not stem:
                # If the suffix is non-empty, we can't make the stem empty.
                raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has a non-empty suffix")
            else:
                return self.with_name(stem + suffix)

        def with_suffix(self, suffix):
            """Return a new path with the file suffix changed.  If the path
            has no suffix, add given suffix.  If the given suffix is an empty
            string, remove the suffix from the path.
            """
            stem = self.stem
            if not stem:
                # If the stem is empty, we can't make the suffix non-empty.
                raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
            elif suffix and not suffix.startswith('.'):
                raise ValueError(f"Invalid suffix {suffix!r}")
            else:
                return self.with_name(stem + suffix)

        @property
        def stem(self):
            """The final path component, minus its last suffix."""
            name = self.name
            i = name.rfind('.')
            if i != -1:
                stem = name[:i]
                # Stem must contain at least one non-dot character.
                if stem.lstrip('.'):
                    return stem
            return name

        @property
        def suffix(self):
            """
            The final component's last suffix, if any.

            This includes the leading period. For example: '.txt'
            """
            name = self.name.lstrip('.')
            i = name.rfind('.')
            if i != -1:
                return name[i:]
            return ''

        @property
        def suffixes(self):
            """
            A list of the final component's suffixes, if any.

            These include the leading periods. For example: ['.tar', '.gz']
            """
            return ['.' + ext for ext in self.name.lstrip('.').split('.')[1:]]

        def relative_to(self, other, *, walk_up=False):
            """Return the relative path to another path identified by the passed
            arguments.  If the operation is not possible (because this is not
            related to the other path), raise ValueError.

            The *walk_up* parameter controls whether `..` may be used to resolve
            the path.
            """
            if not hasattr(other, 'with_segments'):
                other = self.with_segments(other)
            for step, path in enumerate(chain([other], other.parents)):
                if path == self or path in self.parents:
                    break
                elif not walk_up:
                    raise ValueError(f"{str(self)!r} is not in the subpath of {str(other)!r}")
                elif path.name == '..':
                    raise ValueError(f"'..' segment in {str(other)!r} cannot be walked")
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"{str(self)!r} and {str(other)!r} have different anchors")
            parts = ['..'] * step + self._tail[len(path._tail):]
            return self._from_parsed_parts('', '', parts)

        def is_relative_to(self, other):
            """Return True if the path is relative to another path or False.
            """
            if not hasattr(other, 'with_segments'):
                other = self.with_segments(other)
            return other == self or other in self.parents

        def is_absolute(self):
            """True if the path is absolute (has both a root and, if applicable,
            a drive)."""
            if self.parser is posixpath:
                # Optimization: work with raw paths on POSIX.
                for path in self._raw_paths:
                    if path.startswith('/'):
                        return True
                return False
            return self.parser.isabs(self)

        def is_reserved(self):
            """Return True if the path contains one of the special names reserved
            by the system, if any."""
            import ntpath
            import warnings
            msg = ("pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved() is deprecated and scheduled "
                   "for removal in Python 3.15. Use os.path.isreserved() to "
                   "detect reserved paths on Windows.")
            warnings._deprecated("pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved", msg, remove=(3, 15))
            if self.parser is ntpath:
                return self.parser.isreserved(self)
            return False

        def as_uri(self):
            """Return the path as a URI."""
            import warnings
            msg = ("pathlib.PurePath.as_uri() is deprecated and scheduled "
                   "for removal in Python 3.19. Use pathlib.Path.as_uri().")
            warnings._deprecated("pathlib.PurePath.as_uri", msg, remove=(3, 19))
            if not self.is_absolute():
                raise ValueError("relative path can't be expressed as a file URI")

            drive = self.drive
            if len(drive) == 2 and drive[1] == ':':
                # It's a path on a local drive => 'file:///c:/a/b'
                prefix = 'file:///' + drive
                path = self.as_posix()[2:]
            elif drive:
                # It's a path on a network drive => 'file://host/share/a/b'
                prefix = 'file:'
                path = self.as_posix()
            else:
                # It's a posix path => 'file:///etc/hosts'
                prefix = 'file://'
                path = str(self)
            from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
            return prefix + quote_from_bytes(os.fsencode(path))

        def full_match(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None):
            """
            Return True if this path matches the given glob-style pattern. The
            pattern is matched against the entire path.
            """
            if not hasattr(pattern, 'with_segments'):
                pattern = self.with_segments(pattern)
            if case_sensitive is None:
                case_sensitive = self.parser is posixpath

            # The string representation of an empty path is a single dot ('.'). Empty
            # paths shouldn't match wildcards, so we change it to the empty string.
            path = str(self) if self.parts else ''
            pattern = str(pattern) if pattern.parts else ''
            globber = _StringGlobber(self.parser.sep, case_sensitive, recursive=True)
            return globber.compile(pattern)(path) is not None

        def match(self, path_pattern, *, case_sensitive=None):
            """
            Return True if this path matches the given pattern. If the pattern is
            relative, matching is done from the right; otherwise, the entire path
            is matched. The recursive wildcard '**' is *not* supported by this
            method.
            """
            if not hasattr(path_pattern, 'with_segments'):
                path_pattern = self.with_segments(path_pattern)
            if case_sensitive is None:
                case_sensitive = self.parser is posixpath
            path_parts = self.parts[::-1]
            pattern_parts = path_pattern.parts[::-1]
            if not pattern_parts:
                raise ValueError("empty pattern")
            if len(path_parts) < len(pattern_parts):
                return False
            if len(path_parts) > len(pattern_parts) and path_pattern.anchor:
                return False
            globber = _StringGlobber(self.parser.sep, case_sensitive)
            for path_part, pattern_part in zip(path_parts, pattern_parts):
                match = globber.compile(pattern_part)
                if match(path_part) is None:
                    return False
            return True

    # Subclassing os.PathLike makes isinstance() checks slower,
    # which in turn makes Path construction slower. Register instead!
    os.PathLike.register(PurePath)

    class PurePosixPath(PurePath):
        """PurePath subclass for non-Windows systems.

        On a POSIX system, instantiating a PurePath should return this object.
        However, you can also instantiate it directly on any system.
        """
        parser = posixpath
        __slots__ = ()

    class PureWindowsPath(PurePath):
        """PurePath subclass for Windows systems.

        On a Windows system, instantiating a PurePath should return this object.
        However, you can also instantiate it directly on any system.
        """
        import ntpath
        parser = ntpath
        __slots__ = ()

    class Path(PurePath):
        """PurePath subclass that can make system calls.

        Path represents a filesystem path but unlike PurePath, also offers
        methods to do system calls on path objects. Depending on your system,
        instantiating a Path will return either a PosixPath or a WindowsPath
        object. You can also instantiate a PosixPath or WindowsPath directly,
        but cannot instantiate a WindowsPath on a POSIX system or vice versa.
        """
        __slots__ = ('_info',)

        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
            if cls is Path:
                cls = WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PosixPath
            return object.__new__(cls)

        @property
        def info(self):
            """
            A PathInfo object that exposes the file type and other file attributes
            of this path.
            """
            try:
                return self._info
            except AttributeError:
                self._info = PathInfo(self)
                return self._info

        def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
            """
            Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like
            os.stat() does.
            """
            return os.stat(self, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)

        def lstat(self):
            """
            Like stat(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
            status information is returned, rather than its target's.
            """
            return os.lstat(self)

        def exists(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
            """
            Whether this path exists.

            This method normally follows symlinks; to check whether a symlink exists,
            add the argument follow_symlinks=False.
            """
            if follow_symlinks:
                return os.path.exists(self)
            return os.path.lexists(self)

        def is_dir(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
            """
            Whether this path is a directory.
            """
            if follow_symlinks:
                return os.path.isdir(self)
            try:
                return S_ISDIR(self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_mode)
            except (OSError, ValueError):
                return False

        def is_file(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
            """
            Whether this path is a regular file (also True for symlinks pointing
            to regular files).
            """
            if follow_symlinks:
                return os.path.isfile(self)
            try:
                return S_ISREG(self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_mode)
            except (OSError, ValueError):
                return False

        def is_mount(self):
            """
            Check if this path is a mount point
            """
            return os.path.ismount(self)

        def is_symlink(self):
            """
            Whether this path is a symbolic link.
            """
            return os.path.islink(self)

        def is_junction(self):
            """
            Whether this path is a junction.
            """
            return os.path.isjunction(self)

        def is_block_device(self):
            """
            Whether this path is a block device.
            """
            try:
                return S_ISBLK(self.stat().st_mode)
            except (OSError, ValueError):
                return False

        def is_char_device(self):
            """
            Whether this path is a character device.
            """
            try:
                return S_ISCHR(self.stat().st_mode)
            except (OSError, ValueError):
                return False

        def is_fifo(self):
            """
            Whether this path is a FIFO.
            """
            try:
                return S_ISFIFO(self.stat().st_mode)
            except (OSError, ValueError):
                return False

        def is_socket(self):
            """
            Whether this path is a socket.
            """
            try:
                return S_ISSOCK(self.stat().st_mode)
            except (OSError, ValueError):
                return False

        def samefile(self, other_path):
            """Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file
            (as returned by os.path.samefile()).
            """
            st = self.stat()
            try:
                other_st = other_path.stat()
            except AttributeError:
                other_st = self.with_segments(other_path).stat()
            return (st.st_ino == other_st.st_ino and
                    st.st_dev == other_st.st_dev)

        def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,
                 errors=None, newline=None):
            """
            Open the file pointed to by this path and return a file object, as
            the built-in open() function does.
            """
            if "b" not in mode:
                encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
            return io.open(self, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline)

        def read_bytes(self):
            """
            Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file.
            """
            with self.open(mode='rb', buffering=0) as f:
                return f.read()

        def read_text(self, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):
            """
            Open the file in text mode, read it, and close the file.
            """
            # Call io.text_encoding() here to ensure any warning is raised at an
            # appropriate stack level.
            encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
            with self.open(mode='r', encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline) as f:
                return f.read()

        def write_bytes(self, data):
            """
            Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file.
            """
            # type-check for the buffer interface before truncating the file
            view = memoryview(data)
            with self.open(mode='wb') as f:
                return f.write(view)

        def write_text(self, data, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):
            """
            Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file.
            """
            # Call io.text_encoding() here to ensure any warning is raised at an
            # appropriate stack level.
            encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)
            if not isinstance(data, str):
                raise TypeError('data must be str, not %s' %
                                data.__class__.__name__)
            with self.open(mode='w', encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline) as f:
                return f.write(data)

        _remove_leading_dot = operator.itemgetter(slice(2, None))
        _remove_trailing_slash = operator.itemgetter(slice(-1))

        def _filter_trailing_slash(self, paths):
            sep = self.parser.sep
            anchor_len = len(self.anchor)
            for path_str in paths:
                if len(path_str) > anchor_len and path_str[-1] == sep:
                    path_str = path_str[:-1]
                yield path_str

        def _from_dir_entry(self, dir_entry, path_str):
            path = self.with_segments(path_str)
            path._str = path_str
            path._info = DirEntryInfo(dir_entry)
            return path

        def iterdir(self):
            """Yield path objects of the directory contents.

            The children are yielded in arbitrary order, and the
            special entries '.' and '..' are not included.
            """
            root_dir = str(self)
            with os.scandir(root_dir) as scandir_it:
                entries = list(scandir_it)
            if root_dir == '.':
                return (self._from_dir_entry(e, e.name) for e in entries)
            else:
                return (self._from_dir_entry(e, e.path) for e in entries)

        def glob(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None, recurse_symlinks=False):
            """Iterate over this subtree and yield all existing files (of any
            kind, including directories) matching the given relative pattern.
            """
            sys.audit("pathlib.Path.glob", self, pattern)
            if case_sensitive is None:
                case_sensitive = self.parser is posixpath
                case_pedantic = False
            else:
                # The user has expressed a case sensitivity choice, but we don't
                # know the case sensitivity of the underlying filesystem, so we
                # must use scandir() for everything, including non-wildcard parts.
                case_pedantic = True
            parts = self._parse_pattern(pattern)
            recursive = True if recurse_symlinks else _no_recurse_symlinks
            globber = _StringGlobber(self.parser.sep, case_sensitive, case_pedantic, recursive)
            select = globber.selector(parts[::-1])
            root = str(self)
            paths = select(self.parser.join(root, ''))

            # Normalize results
            if root == '.':
                paths = map(self._remove_leading_dot, paths)
            if parts[-1] == '':
                paths = map(self._remove_trailing_slash, paths)
            elif parts[-1] == '**':
                paths = self._filter_trailing_slash(paths)
            paths = map(self._from_parsed_string, paths)
            return paths

        def rglob(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None, recurse_symlinks=False):
            """Recursively yield all existing files (of any kind, including
            directories) matching the given relative pattern, anywhere in
            this subtree.
            """
            sys.audit("pathlib.Path.rglob", self, pattern)
            pattern = self.parser.join('**', pattern)
            return self.glob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive, recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks)

        def walk(self, top_down=True, on_error=None, follow_symlinks=False):
            """Walk the directory tree from this directory, similar to os.walk()."""
            sys.audit("pathlib.Path.walk", self, on_error, follow_symlinks)
            root_dir = str(self)
            if not follow_symlinks:
                follow_symlinks = os._walk_symlinks_as_files
            results = os.walk(root_dir, top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks)
            for path_str, dirnames, filenames in results:
                if root_dir == '.':
                    path_str = path_str[2:]
                yield self._from_parsed_string(path_str), dirnames, filenames

        def absolute(self):
            """Return an absolute version of this path
            No normalization or symlink resolution is performed.

            Use resolve() to resolve symlinks and remove '..' segments.
            """
            if self.is_absolute():
                return self
            if self.root:
                drive = os.path.splitroot(os.getcwd())[0]
                return self._from_parsed_parts(drive, self.root, self._tail)
            if self.drive:
                # There is a CWD on each drive-letter drive.
                cwd = os.path.abspath(self.drive)
            else:
                cwd = os.getcwd()
            if not self._tail:
                # Fast path for "empty" paths, e.g. Path("."), Path("") or Path().
                # We pass only one argument to with_segments() to avoid the cost
                # of joining, and we exploit the fact that getcwd() returns a
                # fully-normalized string by storing it in _str. This is used to
                # implement Path.cwd().
                return self._from_parsed_string(cwd)
            drive, root, rel = os.path.splitroot(cwd)
            if not rel:
                return self._from_parsed_parts(drive, root, self._tail)
            tail = rel.split(self.parser.sep)
            tail.extend(self._tail)
            return self._from_parsed_parts(drive, root, tail)

        @classmethod
        def cwd(cls):
            """Return a new path pointing to the current working directory."""
            cwd = os.getcwd()
            path = cls(cwd)
            path._str = cwd  # getcwd() returns a normalized path
            return path

        def resolve(self, strict=False):
            """
            Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also
            normalizing it.
            """

            return self.with_segments(os.path.realpath(self, strict=strict))

        if pwd:
            def owner(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
                """
                Return the login name of the file owner.
                """
                uid = self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_uid
                return pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name
        else:

            def owner(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
                """
                Return the login name of the file owner.
                """
                f = f"{type(self).__name__}.owner()"
                raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")

        if grp:
            def group(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
                """
                Return the group name of the file gid.
                """
                gid = self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_gid
                return grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name
        else:

            def group(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):
                """
                Return the group name of the file gid.
                """
                f = f"{type(self).__name__}.group()"
                raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")

        if hasattr(os, "readlink"):
            def readlink(self):
                """
                Return the path to which the symbolic link points.
                """
                return self.with_segments(os.readlink(self))
        else:

            def readlink(self):
                """
                Return the path to which the symbolic link points.
                """
                f = f"{type(self).__name__}.readlink()"
                raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")

        def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True):
            """
            Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist.
            """

            if exist_ok:
                # First try to bump modification time
                # Implementation note: GNU touch uses the UTIME_NOW option of
                # the utimensat() / futimens() functions.
                try:
                    os.utime(self, None)
                except OSError:
                    # Avoid exception chaining
                    pass
                else:
                    return
            flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY
            if not exist_ok:
                flags |= os.O_EXCL
            fd = os.open(self, flags, mode)
            os.close(fd)

        def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
            """
            Create a new directory at this given path.
            """
            try:
                os.mkdir(self, mode)
            except FileNotFoundError:
                if not parents or self.parent == self:
                    raise
                self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                self.mkdir(mode, parents=False, exist_ok=exist_ok)
            except OSError:
                # Cannot rely on checking for EEXIST, since the operating system
                # could give priority to other errors like EACCES or EROFS
                if not exist_ok or not self.is_dir():
                    raise

        def chmod(self, mode, *, follow_symlinks=True):
            """
            Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().
            """
            os.chmod(self, mode, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)

        def lchmod(self, mode):
            """
            Like chmod(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
            permissions are changed, rather than its target's.
            """
            self.chmod(mode, follow_symlinks=False)

        def unlink(self, missing_ok=False):
            """
            Remove this file or link.
            If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead.
            """
            try:
                os.unlink(self)
            except FileNotFoundError:
                if not missing_ok:
                    raise

        def rmdir(self):
            """
            Remove this directory.  The directory must be empty.
            """
            os.rmdir(self)

        def _delete(self):
            """
            Delete this file or directory (including all sub-directories).
            """
            if self.is_symlink() or self.is_junction():
                self.unlink()
            elif self.is_dir():
                # Lazy import to improve module import time
                import shutil
                shutil.rmtree(self)
            else:
                self.unlink()

        def rename(self, target):
            """
            Rename this path to the target path.

            The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
            interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
            directory of the Path object.

            Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
            """
            os.rename(self, target)
            if not hasattr(target, 'with_segments'):
                target = self.with_segments(target)
            return target

        def replace(self, target):
            """
            Rename this path to the target path, overwriting if that path exists.

            The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are
            interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the
            directory of the Path object.

            Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.
            """
            os.replace(self, target)
            if not hasattr(target, 'with_segments'):
                target = self.with_segments(target)
            return target

        def copy(self, target, **kwargs):
            """
            Recursively copy this file or directory tree to the given destination.
            """
            if not hasattr(target, 'with_segments'):
                target = self.with_segments(target)
            ensure_distinct_paths(self, target)
            target._copy_from(self, **kwargs)
            return target.joinpath()  # Empty join to ensure fresh metadata.

        def copy_into(self, target_dir, **kwargs):
            """
            Copy this file or directory tree into the given existing directory.
            """
            name = self.name
            if not name:
                raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
            elif hasattr(target_dir, 'with_segments'):
                target = target_dir / name
            else:
                target = self.with_segments(target_dir, name)
            return self.copy(target, **kwargs)

        def _copy_from(self, source, follow_symlinks=True, preserve_metadata=False):
            """
            Recursively copy the given path to this path.
            """
            if not follow_symlinks and source.info.is_symlink():
                self._copy_from_symlink(source, preserve_metadata)
            elif source.info.is_dir():
                children = source.iterdir()
                os.mkdir(self)
                for child in children:
                    self.joinpath(child.name)._copy_from(
                        child, follow_symlinks, preserve_metadata)
                if preserve_metadata:
                    copy_info(source.info, self)
            else:
                self._copy_from_file(source, preserve_metadata)

        def _copy_from_file(self, source, preserve_metadata=False):
            ensure_different_files(source, self)
            with magic_open(source, 'rb') as source_f:
                with open(self, 'wb') as target_f:
                    copyfileobj(source_f, target_f)
            if preserve_metadata:
                copy_info(source.info, self)

        if copyfile2:
            # Use fast OS routine for local file copying where available.
            _copy_from_file_fallback = _copy_from_file
            def _copy_from_file(self, source, preserve_metadata=False):
                try:
                    source = os.fspath(source)
                except TypeError:
                    pass
                else:
                    copyfile2(source, str(self))
                    return
                self._copy_from_file_fallback(source, preserve_metadata)

        if os.name == 'nt':
            # If a directory-symlink is copied *before* its target, then
            # os.symlink() incorrectly creates a file-symlink on Windows. Avoid
            # this by passing *target_is_dir* to os.symlink() on Windows.
            def _copy_from_symlink(self, source, preserve_metadata=False):
                os.symlink(str(source.readlink()), self, source.info.is_dir())
                if preserve_metadata:
                    copy_info(source.info, self, follow_symlinks=False)
        else:
            def _copy_from_symlink(self, source, preserve_metadata=False):
                os.symlink(str(source.readlink()), self)
                if preserve_metadata:
                    copy_info(source.info, self, follow_symlinks=False)

        def move(self, target):
            """
            Recursively move this file or directory tree to the given destination.
            """
            # Use os.replace() if the target is os.PathLike and on the same FS.
            try:
                target = self.with_segments(target)
            except TypeError:
                pass
            else:
                ensure_different_files(self, target)
                try:
                    os.replace(self, target)
                except OSError as err:
                    if err.errno != EXDEV:
                        raise
                else:
                    return target.joinpath()  # Empty join to ensure fresh metadata.
            # Fall back to copy+delete.
            target = self.copy(target, follow_symlinks=False, preserve_metadata=True)
            self._delete()
            return target

        def move_into(self, target_dir):
            """
            Move this file or directory tree into the given existing directory.
            """
            name = self.name
            if not name:
                raise ValueError(f"{self!r} has an empty name")
            elif hasattr(target_dir, 'with_segments'):
                target = target_dir / name
            else:
                target = self.with_segments(target_dir, name)
            return self.move(target)

        if hasattr(os, "symlink"):
            def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
                """
                Make this path a symlink pointing to the target path.
                Note the order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse of os.symlink.
                """
                os.symlink(target, self, target_is_directory)
        else:

            def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
                """
                Make this path a symlink pointing to the target path.
                Note the order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse of os.symlink.
                """
                f = f"{type(self).__name__}.symlink_to()"
                raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")

        if hasattr(os, "link"):
            def hardlink_to(self, target):
                """
                Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.

                Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.link's.
                """
                os.link(target, self)
        else:

            def hardlink_to(self, target):
                """
                Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.

                Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.link's.
                """
                f = f"{type(self).__name__}.hardlink_to()"
                raise UnsupportedOperation(f"{f} is unsupported on this system")

        def expanduser(self):
            """ Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs
            (as returned by os.path.expanduser)
            """
            if (not (self.drive or self.root) and
                self._tail and self._tail[0][:1] == '~'):
                homedir = os.path.expanduser(self._tail[0])
                if homedir[:1] == "~":
                    raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
                drv, root, tail = self._parse_path(homedir)
                return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, tail + self._tail[1:])

            return self

        @classmethod
        def home(cls):
            """Return a new path pointing to expanduser('~').
            """
            homedir = os.path.expanduser("~")
            if homedir == "~":
                raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
            return cls(homedir)

        def as_uri(self):
            """Return the path as a URI."""
            if not self.is_absolute():
                raise ValueError("relative paths can't be expressed as file URIs")
            from urllib.request import pathname2url
            return pathname2url(str(self), add_scheme=True)

        @classmethod
        def from_uri(cls, uri):
            """Return a new path from the given 'file' URI."""
            from urllib.error import URLError
            from urllib.request import url2pathname
            try:
                path = cls(url2pathname(uri, require_scheme=True))
            except URLError as exc:
                raise ValueError(exc.reason) from None
            if not path.is_absolute():
                raise ValueError(f"URI is not absolute: {uri!r}")
            return path

    class PosixPath(Path, PurePosixPath):
        """Path subclass for non-Windows systems.

        On a POSIX system, instantiating a Path should return this object.
        """
        __slots__ = ()

        if os.name == 'nt':
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
                raise UnsupportedOperation(
                    f"cannot instantiate {cls.__name__!r} on your system")

    class WindowsPath(Path, PureWindowsPath):
        """Path subclass for Windows systems.

        On a Windows system, instantiating a Path should return this object.
        """
        __slots__ = ()

        if os.name != 'nt':
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
                raise UnsupportedOperation(
                    f"cannot instantiate {cls.__name__!r} on your system")