# 3. Debian Developer's Duties

## 3.1. Package Maintainer's Duties

As a package maintainer, you're supposed to provide high-quality packages that are well integrated into the system and that adhere to the Debian Policy.

### 3.1.1. Work towards the next `stable` release

Providing high-quality packages in `unstable` is not enough; most users will only benefit from your packages when they are released as part of the next `stable` release. You are thus expected to collaborate with the release team to ensure your packages get included.

More concretely, you should monitor whether your packages are migrating to `testing` (see The testing distribution). When the migration doesn't happen after the test period, you should analyze why and work towards fixing this. It might mean fixing your package (in the case of release-critical bugs or failures to build on some architecture) but it can also mean updating (or fixing, or removing from `testing`) other packages to help complete a transition in which your package is entangled due to its dependencies. The release team might provide you some input on the current blockers of a given transition if you are not able to identify them.

### 3.1.2. Maintain packages in `stable`

Most of the package maintainer's work goes into providing updated versions of packages in `unstable`, but their job also entails taking care of the packages in the current `stable` release.

While changes in `stable` are discouraged, they are possible. Whenever a security problem is reported, you should collaborate with the security team to provide a fixed version (see Handling security-related bugs). When bugs of severity important (or more) are reported against the `stable` version of your packages, you should consider providing a targeted fix. You can ask the `stable` release team whether they would accept such an update and then prepare a `stable` upload (see Special case: uploads to the stable and oldstable distributions).

### 3.1.3. Manage release-critical bugs

Generally you should deal with bug reports on your packages as described in Handling bugs. However, there's a special category of bugs that you need to take care of — the so-called release-critical bugs (RC bugs). All bug reports that have severity `critical`, `grave` or `serious` make the package unsuitable for inclusion in the next `stable` release. They can thus delay the Debian release (when they affect a package in `testing`) or block migrations to `testing` (when they only affect the package in `unstable`). In the worst scenario, they will lead to the package's removal. That's why these bugs need to be corrected as quickly as possible.

If, for any reason, you aren't able fix an RC bug in a package of yours within 2 weeks (for example due to time constraints, or because it's difficult to fix), you should mention it clearly in the bug report and you should tag the bug `help` to invite other volunteers to chime in. Be aware that RC bugs are frequently the targets of Non-Maintainer Uploads (see Non-Maintainer Uploads (NMUs)) because they can block the `testing` migration of many packages.

Lack of attention to RC bugs is often interpreted by the QA team as a sign that the maintainer has disappeared without properly orphaning their package. The MIA team might also get involved, which could result in your packages being orphaned (see Dealing with inactive and/or unreachable maintainers).

### 3.1.4. Coordination with upstream developers

A big part of your job as Debian maintainer will be to stay in contact with the upstream developers. Debian users will sometimes report bugs that are not specific to Debian to our bug tracking system. These bug reports should be forwarded to the upstream developers so that they can be fixed in a future upstream release. Usually it is best if you can do this, but alternatively, you may ask the bug submitter to do it. Ideally, you also get upstream to subscribe for Debian Package Tracker notifications for their software in Debian.

While it's not your job to fix non-Debian specific bugs, you may freely do so if you're able. When you make such fixes, be sure to pass them on to the upstream maintainers as well. Debian users and developers will sometimes submit patches to fix upstream bugs — you should evaluate and forward these patches upstream.

In cases where a bug report is forwarded upstream, it may be helpful to remember that the bts-link service can help with synchronizing states between the upstream bug tracker and the Debian one.

If you need to modify the upstream sources in order to build a policy compliant package, then you should propose a nice fix to the upstream developers which can be included there, so that you won't have to modify the sources of the next upstream version. Whatever changes you need, always try not to fork from the upstream sources.

As most upstreams nowadays use git for version control, in most cases git-buildpackage offers the most convenient way to create and maintain patches in Debian that so they are submit upstream. For details, see git-buildpackage man pages about using `pq` to write and test `debian/patches` as git commits, and having git remote `upstreamvcs` to easily cherry-pick patches to and from upstream git branches.

If you find that the upstream developers are or become hostile towards Debian or the free software community, you may want to re-consider the need to include the software in Debian. Sometimes the social cost to the Debian community is not worth the benefits the software may bring.

## 3.2. Administrative Duties

A project of the size of Debian relies on some administrative infrastructure to keep track of everything. As a project member, you have some duties to ensure everything keeps running smoothly.

### 3.2.1. Maintaining your Debian information

There's a LDAP database containing information about Debian developers at https://db.debian.org/. You should enter your information there and update it as it changes. Most notably, make sure that the address where your debian.org email gets forwarded to is always up to date, as well as the address where you get your debian-private subscription if you choose to subscribe there.

For more information about the database, please see The Developers Database.

### 3.2.2. Maintaining your public key

Be very careful with your private keys. Do not place them on any public servers or multiuser machines, such as the Debian servers (see Debian machines). Back your keys up; keep a copy offline. Read the documentation that comes with your software; read the PGP FAQ and OpenPGP Best Practices.

You need to ensure not only that your key is secure against being stolen, but also that it is secure against being lost. Generate and make a copy (best also in paper form) of your revocation certificate; this is needed if your key is lost.

If you add signatures to your public key, or add user identities, you can update the Debian key ring by sending your key to the key server at `keyring.debian.org`. Updates are processed at least once a month by the `debian-keyring` package maintainers.

If you need to add a completely new key or remove an old key, you need to get the new key signed by another developer. If the old key is compromised or invalid, you also have to add the revocation certificate. If there is no real reason for a new key, the Keyring Maintainers might reject the new key. Details can be found at https://keyring.debian.org/replacing_keys.html.

The same key extraction routines discussed in Registering as a Debian member apply.

You can find a more in-depth discussion of Debian key maintenance in the documentation of the `debian-keyring` package and the https://keyring.debian.org/ site.

### 3.2.3. Voting

Even though Debian isn't really a democracy, we use a democratic process to elect our leaders and to approve general resolutions. These procedures are defined by the Debian Constitution.

Other than the yearly leader election, votes are not routinely held, and they are not undertaken lightly. Each proposal is first discussed on the `debian-vote@lists.debian.org` mailing list and it requires several endorsements before the project secretary starts the voting procedure.

You don't have to track the pre-vote discussions, as the secretary will issue several calls for votes on `debian-devel-announce@lists.debian.org` (and all developers are expected to be subscribed to that list). Democracy doesn't work well if people don't take part in the vote, which is why we encourage all developers to vote. Voting is conducted via OpenPGP-signed/encrypted email messages.

The list of all proposals (past and current) is available on the Debian Voting Information page, along with information on how to make, second and vote on proposals.

### 3.2.4. Decision making

Besides the issues covered in Voting, Debian is closer to a do-ocracy, than a democracy. Generally speaking, this means that decisions are taken by the people who do the work, which in most cases is package maintainers and DPL delegates. Public discussion:

- while encouraged and may be appreciated as input to take a decision,

- is not required to take a decision,

- nor can overrule a decision (the latter is possible via a General Resolution or by escalating to the Debian Technical Committee).

In the spirit of do-ocracy, members of the Debian community are expected to contribute in concrete and constructive ways, rather than demand that others do any kind of work for them.

For more on the social aspects of contributing to Debian, you are strongly encouraged to read the Debian Community Guidelines at http://people.debian.org/~enrico/dcg/

### 3.2.5. Going on vacation gracefully

It is common for developers to have periods of absence, whether those are planned vacations or simply being buried in other work. The important thing to notice is that other developers need to know that you're on vacation so that they can do whatever is needed if a problem occurs with your packages or other duties in the project.

Usually this means that other developers are allowed to NMU (see Non-Maintainer Uploads (NMUs)) your package if a big problem (release critical bug, security update, etc.) occurs while you're on vacation. Sometimes it's nothing as critical as that, but it's still appropriate to let others know that you're unavailable.

In order to inform the other developers, there are two things that you should do. First send a mail to `debian-private@lists.debian.org` with [VAC] prepended to the subject of your message [1] and state the period of time when you will be on vacation. You can also give some special instructions on what to do if a problem occurs.

The other thing to do is to mark yourself as on vacation in the The Developers Database (this information is only accessible to Debian developers). Don't forget to remove the on vacation flag when you come back!

Ideally, you should sign up at the OpenPGP coordination pages when booking a holiday and check if anyone there is looking for signing. This is especially important when people go to exotic places where we don't have any developers yet but where there are people who are interested in applying.

### 3.2.6. Retiring

If you choose to leave the Debian project, you should make sure you do the following steps:

- Orphan all your packages, as described in Orphaning a package.

- Remove yourself from uploaders for co- or team-maintained packages.

- If you received mails via a @debian.org e-mail alias (e.g. press@debian.org) and would like to get removed, open a RT ticket for the Debian System Administrators. Just send an e-mail to `admin@rt.debian.org` with "Debian RT" somewhere in the subject stating from which aliases you'd like to get removed.

- Please remember to also retire from teams, e.g. remove yourself from team wiki pages or salsa groups.

- Use the link https://nm.debian.org/process/emeritus to log in to nm.debian.org, request emeritus status and write a goodbye message that will be automatically posted on debian-private.

  Salsa is used as authentification provider to the NM site, in case you run into problems opening the retirement process yourself, contact NM front desk using `nm@debian.org`

It is important that the above process is followed, because finding inactive developers and orphaning their packages takes significant time and effort.

### 3.2.7. Returning after retirement

A retired developer's account is marked as "emeritus" when the process in Retiring is followed, and "removed" otherwise. Retired developers with an "emeritus" account can get their account re-activated as follows:

- Log on onto nm.debian.org using your salsa credentials.

- Follow the Return from Emeritus Wizard.

- Go through a shortened NM process (to ensure that the returning developer still knows important parts of P&P and T&S).

In case your run into problems contact `nm@debian.org` for further instructions.

Retired developers with a "removed" account need to go through full NM again.

[1]

This is so that the message can be easily filtered by people who don't want to read vacation notices.