第13章 Tool usages

# 第13章 Tool usages

Here are some notable tools around Debian packaging.

| 注記
The descriptions in this section are intentionally brief. Prospective maintainers are strongly encouraged to search for and read all relevant documentation associated with these commands.

| 注記
Examples here use the gz-compression. The xz-compression may be used instead.

## 13.1. debdiff

You can compare file contents in two source Debian packages with the debdiff command.

    [base_dir] $ debdiff old-package.dsc new-package.dsc

You can also compare file lists in two sets of binary Debian packages with the debdiff command.

    [base_dir] $ debdiff old-package.changes new-package.changes

これらのコマンドは、ソースパッケージ中でどんな変更をしたのか、バイナリーパッケージの中で意図せず削除したり配置を間違えたりしていないか、そしてバイナリーパッケージの更新時に不用意な変更をしていないかどうか、といった事柄を確認するのに便利です。

Debian now enforces the source-only upload when developing packages. So there may be 2 different *.changes files:

- package_version-revision_source.changes for the normal source-only upload
- package_version-revision_arch.changes for the source+binary upload

## 13.2. dget

You can download the set of files for the Debian source package with the dget command.

    [base_dir] $ dget https://www.example.org/path/to/package_version-rev.dsc

## 13.3. mk-origtargz

You can make the upstream tarball ../foo-newversion.tar.[xg]z accessible from the Debian source tree as ../foo_newversion.orig.tar.[xg]z. This command is useful for renaming and symlinking the upstream tarball to the expected Debian naming convention.

## 13.4. origtargz

You can fetch the pre-existing orig tarball of a Debian package from various sources, and unpack it with origtargz command.

This is basically for -2, -3, …​ revisions.

| 注記
When the upstream tarball is missing, debmake automatically produces a required tarball. This is a convenient feature and good enough for making a private Debian package. But when making a Debian package for the official Debian repository, you must use exactly the same upstream tarball as the -1 revision. For such case, origtargz should be used.

## 13.5. git deborig

If the upstream project is hosted in a Git repository without an official tarball release, you can generate its orig tarball from the git repository for use by the Debian source package. Execute 「git deborig」 from the root of the checked-out source tree.

This is basically for -1 revisions.

## 13.6. dpkg-source -b

The 「dpkg-source -b」 command packs the upstream source tree into the Debian source package.

It expects a series of patches in the debian/patches/ directory and their application sequence in debian/patches/series.

It is compatible with dquilt (see 「「quilt setup」」) operations and understands the patch application status from the existence of .pc/applied-patches.

The dpkg-buildpackage command invokes 「dpkg-source -b」.

## 13.7. dpkg-source -x

The 「dpkg-source -x」 command extracts the source tree and applies the patches in the debian/patches/ directory using the sequence specified in debian/patches/series to the upstream source tree. It also adds .pc/applied-patches. (See 「「Patch applied Git repository」」.)

The 「dpkg-source -x --skip-patches」 command extracts source tree only. It doesn’t add .pc/applied-patches. (See 「「Patch unapplied Git repository」」.)

Both extracted source trees are ready for building Debian binary packages with dpkg-buildpackage, dbuild, sbuild, etc..

## 13.8. debc

You should install generated packages with the debc command to test it locally.

    [base_dir] $ debc package_version-rev_arch.changes

## 13.9. bts

After uploading the package, you will receive bug reports. It is an important duty of a package maintainer to manage these bugs properly, as described in 「5.8. Handling bugs」 of the 「Debian Developer’s Reference」.

The bts command is a handy tool to manage bugs on the 「Debian Bug Tracking System」.

    [~] $ bts severity 123123 wishlist , tags -1 pending

## 13.10. dpkg-depcheck

You can use dpkg-depcheck(1) to obtain a good first approximation to the Build-Depends line needed by a Debian package.

    [foo-1.0] $ dpkg-depcheck -b debian/rules build

第12章 Tips |  | 第14章 More Examples