diode_ladder
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## diode_ladder

diode_ladder — Zero-delay feedback implementation of 4 pole diode ladder filter.

## Description

Zero-delay feedback implementation of a 4 pole (24 dB/oct) diode low-pass filter. This filter design was originally used in the EMS VCS3 and was the resonant filter in the Roland TB-303.

## Syntax

    asig diode_ladder ain, xcf, xk [, inlp, isaturation, istor]

## Initialization

istor --initial disposition of internal data space. Since filtering incorporates a feedback loop of previous output, the initial status of the storage space used is significant. A zero value will clear the space; a non-zero value will allow previous information to remain. The default value is 0.

## Performance

asig -- low-pass output signal.

ain -- input signal.

xcf -- filter cutoff frequency (i-, k-, or a-rate).

xk -- filter feedback value k (i-, k-, or a-rate) that controls resonance. Range 0.0-17.0. Self-oscillation occurs at 17.0.

knlp (optional, default=0) -- Non-linear processing method. 0 = no processing, 1 = higher-quality NLP, 2 = lower-quality NLP (faster). Method 1 uses (1.0 / tanh(ksaturation)) * tanh(ksaturation * input). Method 2 uses tanh(ksaturation * input). Enabling NLP may increase the overall output of filter above unity and should be compensated for outside of the filter.

ksaturation (optional, default=1) -- saturation amount to use for non-linear processing. Values > 1 increase the steepness of the NLP curve.

## Examples

Here is an example of the diode_ladder opcode. It uses the file diode_ladder.csd.

Example 234. Example of the diode_ladder opcode.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    -o dac
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>
    sr=44100
    ksmps=16
    nchnls=2
    0dbfs=1

    gi_sine ftgen 0, 0, 65537, 10, 1

    gkcut init 6000

    instr modulation
      gkcut = lfo(4000, 0.1) + 6000
    endin

    instr bass

      iamp = ampdbfs(-12)
      ipch = cps2pch(p4, 12)

      asig = vco2(0.5, ipch, 0)

      acut = expon:a(i(gkcut), p3, 200)
      aout = diode_ladder(asig, acut, 8, 1, 4)

      aout *= expseg:a(1.0, p3 - 0.05, 1.0, 0.05, 0.001)

      aout = limit(aout, -1.0, 1.0)

      outc(aout, aout)

    endin

    gipat[] init 8
    gipat[0] = 6.00
    gipat[1] = 7.00
    gipat[2] = 6.00
    gipat[3] = 7.00
    gipat[4] = 5.07
    gipat[5] = 6.07
    gipat[6] = 5.08
    gipat[7] = 6.08

    instr player
      indx = p4

      ;; play instrument
      if(gipat[indx] > 0) then
        schedule("bass", 0, 0.2, gipat[indx])
      endif

      ;; temporal recursion
      schedule("player", 0.2, 0.1, (indx + 1) % lenarray(gipat))

    endin

    schedule("modulation", 0, -1)
    schedule("player", 0, 0.1, 0)
    event_i("e", 0, 0.1 * 128)

    </CsInstruments>

    <CsScore>
    </CsScore>

    </CsoundSynthesizer>

## References

This filter is based on the work of Will Pirkle that employs Vadim Zavalishin's work with bilinear tranforms to create topology-preserving transform (TPT) implementations of analog filters.

1. Pirkle, Will. Designing Software Synthesizer Plug-ins in C++: For RackAFX, VST3, and Audio Units. CRC Press, 2014.

2. Pirkle, Will. AN-6: Virtual Analog (VA) DiodeLadder Filter. 2013.

3. Zavalishin, Vadim. "The Art of VA filter design." Native Instruments, 2012.

## See also

Standard filters: Zero-delay Feedback Filters (Virtual Analog)

## Credits

Author: Steven Yi
April 2017

New in Csound 6.09.0

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