K35_lpf
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## K35_lpf

K35_lpf — Zero-delay feedback implementation of Korg35 resonant low-pass filter.

## Description

Zero-delay feedback implementation of Korg35 resonant low-pass filter. This filter design is found in the Korg MS10, early MS20, and Monotron series.

## Syntax

    asig K35_lpf ain, xcf, xQ [, inlp, isaturation, istor]

## Initialization

istor --initial disposition of internal data space. Since filtering incorporates a feedback loop of previous output, the initial status of the storage space used is significant. A zero value will clear the space; a non-zero value will allow previous information to remain. The default value is 0.

## Performance

asig -- output signal.

ain -- input signal.

xcf -- filter cutoff frequency (i-, k-, or a-rate).

xQ -- filter Q value (i-, k-, or a-rate). Range 1.0-10.0 (clamped by opcode). Self-oscillation occurs at 10.0.

knlp (optional, default=0) -- Non-linear processing method. 0 = no processing, 1 = non-linear processing. Method 1 uses tanh(ksaturation * input). Enabling NLP may increase the overall output of filter above unity and should be compensated for outside of the filter.

ksaturation (optional, default=1) -- saturation amount to use for non-linear processing. Values > 1 increase the steepness of the NLP curve.

## Examples

Here is an example of the K35_lpf opcode. It uses the file k35.csd.

Example 493. Example of the K35_lpf opcode.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    </CsOptions>
    ; ==============================================
    <CsInstruments>

    sr	=	48000
    ksmps	=	1
    nchnls	=	2
    0dbfs	=	1

    ;; test instruments to demo filter cutoff sweep with high resonance

    instr 1

    asig = vco2(0.5, cps2pch(6.00, 12))
    asig = K35_lpf(asig, expseg:a(10000, p3, 30), 9.9, 0, 1)
    asig *= 0.25
    asig  = limit(asig, -1.0, 1.0)

    outc(asig, asig)

    endin

    instr 2

    asig = vco2(0.5, cps2pch(6.00, 12))
    asig = K35_lpf(asig, expseg:k(10000, p3, 30), 9.9, 0, 1)
    asig *= 0.25
    asig  = limit(asig, -1.0, 1.0)

    outc(asig, asig)

    endin

    instr 3

    asig = vco2(0.5, cps2pch(6.00, 12))
    asig = K35_hpf(asig, expseg:a(10000, p3, 30), 9.9, 0, 1)
    asig *= 0.25
    asig  = limit(asig, -1.0, 1.0)

    outc(asig, asig)

    endin

    instr 4

    asig = vco2(0.5, cps2pch(6.00, 12))
    asig = K35_hpf(asig, expseg:k(10000, p3, 30), 9.9, 0, 1)
    asig *= 0.25
    asig  = limit(asig, -1.0, 1.0)

    outc(asig, asig)

    endin

    ;; beat instruments

    instr ms20_drum

      ipch = cps2pch(p4, 12)
      iamp = ampdbfs(p5)
      aenv = expseg:a(10000, 0.05, ipch, p3 - .05, ipch)

      asig = rand:a(-1.0, 1.0)
      asig = K35_hpf(asig, 60, 7, 1, 1)
      asig = K35_lpf(asig, aenv, 9.8, 1, 1)

      asig = tanh(asig * 16)

      asig *= expon(iamp, p3, 0.0001)

      outc(asig, asig)

    endin

    instr ms20_bass
      ipch = cps2pch(p4, 12)
      iamp = ampdbfs(p5)
      aenv = expseg(1000, 0.1, ipch * 2, p3 - .05, ipch * 2)

      asig = vco2(1.0, ipch)
      asig = K35_hpf(asig, ipch, 5, 0, 1)
      asig = K35_lpf(asig, aenv, 8, 0, 1)

      asig *= expon:a(iamp, p3, 0.0001) * 0.8

      outc(asig, asig)
    endin

    ;; perf code

    gktempo init 122

    opcode beat_dur,i,0
      xout 60 / i(gktempo)
    endop

    instr bass_player
      idur = beat_dur() / int(random(1,3))
      ipch = 6.00 + int(random(1,3)) + int(random(1,3)) / 100

      schedule("ms20_bass", 0, idur, ipch, -11)

      if(p2 < 37.5) then
        schedule("bass_player", idur, 0.1)
      endif
      turnoff
    endin

    instr beat_player
      istep_total = p4
      istep = istep_total % 16

      if(istep % 4 == 0) then
        ipch = ((istep_total % 128) < 112) ? 4.00 : 8.00
        iamp = (istep == 0)  ? -9 : -12
        schedule("ms20_drum", 0, 0.5, ipch, iamp)
      endif

      schedule("ms20_drum", 0, 0.125, 14.00,
               (istep % 4 == 0) ? -12 : -18)

      if(p2 < 37.5) then
        schedule("beat_player", beat_dur() / 4, 0.1, istep_total + 1)
      endif
      turnoff
    endin

    ;; start play of beats

    instr start_beats
      schedule("beat_player", 0, 0.1, 0)
      schedule("bass_player", 0, 0.1)
    endin

    </CsInstruments>
    ; ==============================================
    <CsScore>
    i1 0 5.0
    i2 5 5.0
    i3 10 5.0
    i4 15 5.0

    i "start_beats" 22 0.5 0

    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

## References

This filter is based on the work of Will Pirkle that employs Vadim Zavalishin's work with bilinear tranforms to create topology-preserving transform (TPT) implementations of analog filters.

1. Pirkle, Will. Designing Software Synthesizer Plug-ins in C++: For RackAFX, VST3, and Audio Units. CRC Press, 2014.

2. Pirkle, Will. AN-5: Virtual Analog (VA) Korg35 Lowpass Filter v3.5. 2013.

3. Zavalishin, Vadim. "The Art of VA filter design." Native Instruments, 2012.

## See also

Standard filters: Zero-delay Feedback Filters (Virtual Analog)

## Credits

Author: Steven Yi
April 2017

New in Csound 6.09.0

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