# do-while loop

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< cpp‎ | language

Executes a statement repeatedly, until the value of expression becomes false. The test takes place after each iteration.

### Syntax

attr(optional) `do` statement `while (` expression `)` `;` |  |

attr(C++11) | - | any number of attributes
expression | - | any expression which is contextually convertible to bool. This expression is evaluated after each iteration, and if it yields false, the loop is exited.
statement | - | any statement, typically a compound statement, which is the body of the loop

### Explanation

statement is always executed at least once, even if expression always yields false. If it should not execute in this case, while or for loop may be used.

If the execution of the loop needs to be terminated at some point, break statement can be used as terminating statement.

If the execution of the loop needs to be continued at the end of the loop body, continue statement can be used as shortcut.

### Notes

As part of the C++ forward progress guarantee, the behavior is undefined if a loop that has no observable behavior (does not make calls to I/O functions, access volatile objects, or perform atomic or synchronization operations) does not terminate. Compilers are permitted to remove such loops.

### Keywords

`do`, `while`

### Example

Run this code

    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <string>

    int main()
    {
        int j = 2;
        do { // compound statement is the loop body
            j += 2;
            std::cout << j << " ";
        } while (j < 9);
        std::cout << '\n';
        // common situation where do-while loop is used
        std::string s = "aba";
        std::sort(s.begin(), s.end());
        do std::cout << s << '\n'; // expression statement is the loop body
        while(std::next_permutation(s.begin(), s.end()));
    }

Output:

    4 6 8 10
    aab
    aba
    baa

### See also

C documentation for do-while

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