# std::all_of, std::any_of, std::none_of

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< cpp‎ | algorithm

Defined in header `<algorithm>` |  |
template< class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate > bool all_of( InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p ); | (1) | (since C++11)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class UnaryPredicate > bool all_of( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, UnaryPredicate p ); | (2) | (since C++17)
template< class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate > bool any_of( InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p ); | (3) | (since C++11)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class UnaryPredicate > bool any_of( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, UnaryPredicate p ); | (4) | (since C++17)
template< class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate > bool none_of( InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p ); | (5) | (since C++11)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class UnaryPredicate > bool none_of( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, UnaryPredicate p ); | (6) | (since C++17)

1) Checks if unary predicate `p` returns true for all elements in the range `[first, last)`.
3) Checks if unary predicate `p` returns true for at least one element in the range `[first, last)`.
5) Checks if unary predicate `p` returns true for no elements in the range `[first, last)`.
2,4,6) Same as (1,3,5), but executed according to `policy`. These overloads do not participate in overload resolution unless std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true

### Parameters

first, last | - | the range of elements to examine
policy | - | the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
p | - | unary predicate . The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following: bool pred(const Type &a); The signature does not need to have const &, but the function must not modify the objects passed to it. The type Type must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type. ​
Type requirements
- `InputIt` must meet the requirements of `InputIterator`.
- `ForwardIt` must meet the requirements of `ForwardIterator`.
- `UnaryPredicate` must meet the requirements of `Predicate`.

### Return value

1-2) true if unary predicate returns true for all elements in the range, false otherwise. Returns true if the range is empty.
3-4) true if unary predicate returns true for at least one element in the range, false otherwise. Returns false if the range is empty.
5-6) true if unary predicate returns true for no elements in the range, false otherwise. Returns true if the range is empty.

### Complexity

1,3,5) At most `last` - `first` applications of the predicate
2,4,6) `O(last-first)` applications of the predicate

### Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named `ExecutionPolicy` report errors as follows:

- If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and `ExecutionPolicy` is one of the three standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other `ExecutionPolicy`, the behavior is implementation-defined.
- If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

### Possible implementation

First version

    template< class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate >
    bool all_of(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p)
    {
        return std::find_if_not(first, last, p) == last;
    }

Second version

    template< class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate >
    bool any_of(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p)
    {
        return std::find_if(first, last, p) != last;
    }

Third version

    template< class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate >
    bool none_of(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p)
    {
        return std::find_if(first, last, p) == last;
    }

### Example

Run this code

    #include <vector>
    #include <numeric>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iterator>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <functional>

    int main()
    {
        std::vector<int> v(10, 2);
        std::partial_sum(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), v.begin());
        std::cout << "Among the numbers: ";
        std::copy(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
        std::cout << '\n';

        if (std::all_of(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), [](int i){ return i % 2 == 0; })) {
            std::cout << "All numbers are even\n";
        }
        if (std::none_of(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), std::bind(std::modulus<int>(),
                                                         std::placeholders::_1, 2))) {
            std::cout << "None of them are odd\n";
        }
        struct DivisibleBy
        {
            const int d;
            DivisibleBy(int n) : d(n) {}
            bool operator()(int n) const { return n % d == 0; }
        };

        if (std::any_of(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), DivisibleBy(7))) {
            std::cout << "At least one number is divisible by 7\n";
        }
    }

Output:

    Among the numbers: 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    All numbers are even
    None of them are odd
    At least one number is divisible by 7

### See also

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