# std::list

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< cpp‎ | container

Defined in header `<list>` |  |
template< class T, class Allocator = std::allocator<T> > class list; | (1) |
namespace pmr { template <class T> using list = std::list<T, std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<T>>; } | (2) | (since C++17)

`std::list` is a container that supports constant time insertion and removal of elements from anywhere in the container. Fast random access is not supported. It is usually implemented as a doubly-linked list. Compared to std::forward_list this container provides bidirectional iteration capability while being less space efficient.

Addition, removal and moving the elements within the list or across several lists does not invalidate the iterators or references. An iterator is invalidated only when the corresponding element is deleted.

`std::list` meets the requirements of `Container`, `AllocatorAwareContainer`, `SequenceContainer` and `ReversibleContainer`.

### Template parameters

T

-

The type of the elements.

`T` must meet the requirements of `CopyAssignable` and `CopyConstructible`. | (until C++11)
The requirements that are imposed on the elements depend on the actual operations performed on the container. Generally, it is required that element type is a complete type and meets the requirements of `Erasable`, but many member functions impose stricter requirements. | (since C++11) (until C++17)

The requirements that are imposed on the elements depend on the actual operations performed on the container. Generally, it is required that element type meets the requirements of `Erasable`, but many member functions impose stricter requirements. This container (but not its members) can be instantiated with an incomplete element type if the allocator satisfies the allocator completeness requirements.

(since C++17)

Allocator | - | An allocator that is used to acquire/release memory and to construct/destroy the elements in that memory. The type must meet the requirements of `Allocator`. The behavior is undefined if Allocator::value_type is not the same as T.

### Member types

Member type | Definition
`value_type` | `T`
`allocator_type` | `Allocator`
`size_type` | Unsigned integer type (usually std::size_t)
`difference_type` | Signed integer type (usually std::ptrdiff_t)

`reference`

`Allocator::reference` | (until C++11)
`value_type&` | (since C++11)

`const_reference`

`Allocator::const_reference` | (until C++11)
`const value_type&` | (since C++11)

`pointer`

`Allocator::pointer` | (until C++11)
std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::pointer | (since C++11)

`const_pointer`

`Allocator::const_pointer` | (until C++11)
std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::const_pointer | (since C++11)

`iterator` | `BidirectionalIterator`
`const_iterator` | Constant bidirectional iterator
`reverse_iterator` | std::reverse_iterator<iterator>
`const_reverse_iterator` | std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>

### Member functions

(constructor) | constructs the `list` (public member function)
(destructor) | destructs the `list` (public member function)
operator= | assigns values to the container (public member function)
assign | assigns values to the container (public member function)
get_allocator | returns the associated allocator (public member function)

##### Element access

front | access the first element (public member function)
back | access the last element (public member function)

##### Iterators

begin cbegin | returns an iterator to the beginning (public member function)
end cend | returns an iterator to the end (public member function)
rbegin crbegin | returns a reverse iterator to the beginning (public member function)
rend crend | returns a reverse iterator to the end (public member function)

##### Capacity

empty | checks whether the container is empty (public member function)
size | returns the number of elements (public member function)
max_size | returns the maximum possible number of elements (public member function)

##### Modifiers

clear | clears the contents (public member function)
insert | inserts elements (public member function)
emplace (C++11) | constructs element in-place (public member function)
erase | erases elements (public member function)
push_back | adds an element to the end (public member function)
emplace_back (C++11) | constructs an element in-place at the end (public member function)
pop_back | removes the last element (public member function)
push_front | inserts an element to the beginning (public member function)
emplace_front (C++11) | constructs an element in-place at the beginning (public member function)
pop_front | removes the first element (public member function)
resize | changes the number of elements stored (public member function)
swap | swaps the contents (public member function)

##### Operations

merge | merges two sorted lists (public member function)
splice | moves elements from another `list` (public member function)
remove remove_if | removes elements satisfying specific criteria (public member function)
reverse | reverses the order of the elements (public member function)
unique | removes consecutive duplicate elements (public member function)
sort | sorts the elements (public member function)

### Non-member functions

operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>= | lexicographically compares the values in the list (function template)
std::swap(std::list) | specializes the std::swap algorithm (function template)

### Example

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <list>

    int main()
    {
        // Create a list containing integers
        std::list<int> l = { 7, 5, 16, 8 };

        // Add an integer to the front of the list
        l.push_front(25);
        // Add an integer to the back of the list
        l.push_back(13);

        // Insert an integer before 16 by searching
        auto it = std::find(l.begin(), l.end(), 16);
        if (it != l.end()) {
            l.insert(it, 42);
        }

        // Iterate and print values of the list
        for (int n : l) {
            std::cout << n << '\n';
        }
    }

Output:

    25
    7
    5
    42
    16
    8
    13

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