# std::future::get

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< cpp‎ | thread‎ | future

T get(); | (1) | (member only of generic `future` template) (since C++11)
T& get(); | (2) | (member only of `future<T&>` template specialization) (since C++11)
void get(); | (3) | (member only of `future<void>` template specialization) (since C++11)

The `get` method waits until the `future` has a valid result and (depending on which template is used) retrieves it. It effectively calls wait() in order to wait for the result.

The generic template and two template specializations each contain a single version of `get`. The three versions of `get` differ only in the return type.

The behavior is undefined if valid() is false before the call to this function.

Any shared state is released. valid() is false after a call to this method.

### Parameters

(none)

### Return value

1) The value `v` stored in the shared state, as std::move(v).
2) The reference stored as value in the shared state.
3) Nothing.

### Exceptions

If an exception was stored in the shared state referenced by the future (e.g. via a call to `std::promise::set_exception()`) then that exception will be thrown.

### Notes

The implementations are encouraged to detect the case when valid() is false before the call and throw a std::future_error with an error condition of std::future_errc::no_state.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <thread>
    #include <future>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <string>
    #include <chrono>

    std::string time() {
        static auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
        std::chrono::duration<double> d = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
        return "[" + std::to_string(d.count()) + "s]";
    }
    int main() {
        using namespace std::chrono_literals;
        {
            std::cout << time() << " launching thread\n";
            std::future<int> f = std::async(std::launch::async, []{
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
                return 7;
            });
            std::cout << time() << " waiting for the future, f.valid() == "
                      << f.valid() << "\n";
            int n = f.get();
            std::cout << time() << " future.get() returned with " << n << ". f.valid() = "
                      << f.valid() << '\n';
        }

        {
            std::cout << time() << " launching thread\n";
            std::future<int> f = std::async(std::launch::async, []{
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
                return true ? throw std::runtime_error("7") : 7;
            });
            std::cout << time() << " waiting for the future, f.valid() == "
                      << f.valid() << "\n";
            try {
                int n = f.get();
                std::cout << time() << " future.get() returned with " << n
                          << " f.valid() = " << f.valid() << '\n';
            } catch(const std::exception& e) {
                std::cout << time() << " caught exception " << e.what()
                          << ", f.valid() == " << f.valid() << "\n";
            }
        }
    }

Possible output:

    [0.000004s] launching thread
    [0.000461s] waiting for the future, f.valid() == 1
    [1.001156s] future.get() returned with 7. f.valid() = 0
    [1.001192s] launching thread
    [1.001275s] waiting for the future, f.valid() == 1
    [2.002356s] caught exception 7, f.valid() == 0

### See also

valid | checks if the future has a shared state (public member function)

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