# std::byte

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< cpp‎ | types

Defined in header `<cstddef>` |  |
enum class byte : unsigned char {} ; |  | (since C++17)

`std::byte` is a distinct type that implements the concept of byte as specified in the C++ language definition.

Like the character types (`char`, `unsigned char`, `signed char`) it can be used to access raw memory occupied by other objects (object representation), but unlike those types, it is not a character type and is not an arithmetic type. A byte is only a collection of bits, and only bitwise logic operators are defined for it.

### Non-member functions

## std::to_integer

template <class IntegerType> constexpr IntegerType to_integer(std::byte b) noexcept; |  | (since C++17)

Equivalent to: return IntegerType(b); This overload only participates in overload resolution if std::is_integral_v<IntegerType> is true.

## std::operator<<=,operator>>=

template <class IntegerType> constexpr std::byte& operator<<=(std::byte& b, IntegerType shift) noexcept; | (1) | (since C++17)
template <class IntegerType> constexpr std::byte& operator>>=(std::byte& b, IntegerType shift) noexcept; | (2) | (since C++17)

1) Equivalent to: return b = std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(b) << shift); This overload only participates in overload resolution if std::is_integral_v<IntegerType> is true.
2) Equivalent to: return b = std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(b) >> shift);

This overload only participates in overload resolution if std::is_integral_v<IntegerType> is true.

## std::operator<<,operator>>

template <class IntegerType> constexpr std::byte operator <<(std::byte b, IntegerType shift) noexcept; | (1) | (since C++17)
template <class IntegerType> constexpr std::byte operator >>(std::byte b, IntegerType shift) noexcept; | (2) | (since C++17)

1) Equivalent to: return std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(b) << shift); This overload only participates in overload resolution if std::is_integral_v<IntegerType> is true.
2) Equivalent to: return std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(b) >> shift);

This overload only participates in overload resolution if std::is_integral_v<IntegerType> is true.

## std::operator|=,operator&=,operator^=

constexpr std::byte& operator|=(std::byte& l, std::byte r) noexcept; | (1) | (since C++17)
constexpr std::byte& operator&=(std::byte& l, std::byte r) noexcept; | (2) | (since C++17)
constexpr std::byte& operator^=(std::byte& l, std::byte r) noexcept; | (3) | (since C++17)

1) Equivalent to: return l = std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) | static_cast<unsigned char>(r));.
2) Equivalent to: return l = std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) & static_cast<unsigned char>(r));.
3) Equivalent to: return l = std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) ^ static_cast<unsigned char>(r));.

## std::operator|,operator&,operator^,operator~

constexpr std::byte operator|(std::byte l, std::byte r) noexcept; | (1) | (since C++17)
constexpr std::byte operator&(std::byte l, std::byte r) noexcept; | (2) | (since C++17)
constexpr std::byte operator^(std::byte l, std::byte r) noexcept; | (3) | (since C++17)
constexpr std::byte operator~(std::byte b) noexcept; | (4) | (since C++17)

1) Equivalent to: return std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) | static_cast<unsigned char>(r));.
2) Equivalent to: return std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) & static_cast<unsigned char>(r));.
3) Equivalent to: return std::byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) ^ static_cast<unsigned char>(r));.
4) Equivalent to: return std::byte(~static_cast<unsigned char>(b));

### Notes

A numeric value `n` can be converted to a byte value using `std::byte{n}` , due to C++17 relaxed enum class initialization rules.

A byte can be converted to a numeric value (such as to produce a integer hash of an object) using std::to_integer

### Example

| This section is incomplete Reason: no example

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