# C++ concepts: UnformattedOutputFunction

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< cpp‎ | concept

### Requirements

A `UnformattedOutputFunction` is a stream output function that performs the following:

- Constructs an object of type `basic_ostream::sentry` with automatic storage duration, which performs the following

  - if `eofbit` or `badbit` are set on the output stream, sets the `failbit` as well, and if exceptions on failbit are enabled in this output stream's exception mask, throws `ios_base::failure`.
  - flushes the tie()'d output stream, if applicable.

- Checks the status of the sentry by calling `sentry::operator bool()`, which is equivalent to `basic_ios::good`.
- If the sentry returned false or sentry's constructor threw an exception, no output takes place
- If the sentry returned true, attempts to perform the desired output by inserting the characters into the output stream as if by calling rdbuf()->sputc() or rdbuf()->xsputn(). Additionally, rdbuf()->overflow() and rdbuf()->sync() may be called, but no other virtual member function of std::basic_streambuf.

  - if an exception is thrown during output, sets `badbit` in the output stream. If exceptions on badbit are enabled in this stream's exception mask, the exception is also rethrown.
  - If no exception was thrown, returns the value specified by the function.

- In any event, whether terminating by exception or returning, the sentry's destructor is called before leaving this function.

### Standard library

The following standard library functions are `UnformattedOutputFunction`s.

- `basic_ostream::operator<<(basic_streambuf*)`
- `basic_ostream::put`
- `basic_ostream::write`
- `basic_ostream::flush`

- `basic_ostream::tellp` (except calls pubseekoff instead of output)
- `basic_ostream::seekp` (except calls pubseekoff or pubseekpos instead of output)

(since C++11)

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