# Standard library header <exception>

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This header is part of the error handling library.

### Classes

exception | base class for exceptions thrown by the standard library components (class)
nested_exception (C++11) | a mixin type to capture and store current exceptions (class)
bad_exception | exception thrown when std::current_exception fails to copy the exception object (class)

### Typedefs

unexpected (until C++17) | function called when dynamic exception specification is violated (function)
unexpected_handler (until C++17) | the type of the function called by std::unexpected (typedef)
terminate_handler | the type of the function called by std::terminate (typedef)
exception_ptr (C++11) | shared pointer type for handling exception objects (typedef)

### Functions

uncaught_exception uncaught_exceptions (C++17) | checks if exception handling is currently in progress (function)
make_exception_ptr (C++11) | creates an std::exception_ptr from an exception object (function template)
current_exception (C++11) | captures the current exception in a std::exception_ptr (function)
rethrow_exception (C++11) | throws the exception from an std::exception_ptr (function)
throw_with_nested (C++11) | throws its argument with std::nested_exception mixed in (function template)
rethrow_if_nested (C++11) | throws the exception from a std::nested_exception (function template)
terminate | function called when exception handling fails (function)
get_terminate (C++11) | obtains the current terminate_handler (function)
set_terminate | changes the function to be called by std::terminate (function)
get_unexpected (C++11)(until C++17) | obtains the current unexpected_handler (function)
set_unexpected (until C++17) | changes the function to be called by std::unexpected (function)

### Synopsis

    namespace std {
        class exception;
        class bad_exception;
        class nested_exception;

        typedef void (*unexpected_handler)();
        unexpected_handler get_unexpected() noexcept;
        unexpected_handler set_unexpected(unexpected_handler f) noexcept;
        [[noreturn]] void unexpected();

        typedef void (*terminate_handler)();
        terminate_handler get_terminate() noexcept;
        terminate_handler set_terminate(terminate_handler f) noexcept;
        [[noreturn]] void terminate() noexcept;

        bool uncaught_exception() noexcept;

        typedef /*unspecified*/ exception_ptr;

        exception_ptr current_exception() noexcept;
        [[noreturn]] void rethrow_exception(exception_ptr p);
        template<class E> exception_ptr make_exception_ptr(E e) noexcept;

        [[noreturn]] template <class T> void throw_with_nested(T&& t);
        template <class E> void rethrow_if_nested(const E& e);
    }

#### Class std::exception

    class exception {
    public:
        exception() noexcept;
        exception(const exception&) noexcept;
        exception& operator=(const exception&) noexcept;
        virtual ~exception();
        virtual const char* what() const noexcept;
    };

#### Class std::bad_exception

    class bad_exception : public exception {
    public:
        bad_exception() noexcept;
        bad_exception(const bad_exception&) noexcept;
        bad_exception& operator=(const bad_exception&) noexcept;
        virtual const char* what() const noexcept;
    };

#### Class std::nested_exception

    class nested_exception {
    public:
        nested_exception() noexcept;
        nested_exception(const nested_exception&) noexcept = default;
        nested_exception& operator=(const nested_exception&) noexcept = default;
        virtual ~nested_exception() = default;

        // access functions
        [[noreturn]] void rethrow_nested() const;
        exception_ptr nested_ptr() const noexcept;
    };

### See Also

- Error handling

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