# std::prev_permutation

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< cpp‎ | algorithm

Defined in header `<algorithm>` |  |
template< class BidirIt > bool prev_permutation( BidirIt first, BidirIt last); | (1) |
template< class BidirIt, class Compare > bool prev_permutation( BidirIt first, BidirIt last, Compare comp); | (2) |

Transforms the range `[first, last)` into the previous permutation from the set of all permutations that are lexicographically ordered with respect to `operator<` or `comp`. Returns true if such permutation exists, otherwise transforms the range into the last permutation (as if by `std::sort(first, last); std::reverse(first, last);`) and returns false.

### Parameters

first, last | - | the range of elements to permute

comp

-

comparison function object (i.e. an object that satisfies the requirements of `Compare`) which returns ​true if the first argument is less than the second.

The signature of the comparison function should be equivalent to the following:

bool cmp(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);

The signature does not need to have const &, but the function object must not modify the objects passed to it.
The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that an object of type BidirIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to both of them. ​

Type requirements
- `BidirIt` must meet the requirements of `ValueSwappable` and `BidirectionalIterator`.

### Return value

true if the new permutation precedes the old in lexicographical order. false if the first permutation was reached and the range was reset to the last permutation.

### Exceptions

Any exceptions thrown from iterator operations or the element swap.

### Complexity

At most `(last-first)/2` swaps.

### Possible implementation

    template<class BidirIt>
    bool prev_permutation(BidirIt first, BidirIt last)
    {
        if (first == last) return false;
        BidirIt i = last;
        if (first == --i) return false;

        while (1) {
            BidirIt i1, i2;

            i1 = i;
            if (*i1 < *--i) {
                i2 = last;
                while (!(*--i2 < *i))
                    ;
                std::iter_swap(i, i2);
                std::reverse(i1, last);
                return true;
            }
            if (i == first) {
                std::reverse(first, last);
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

### Example

The following code prints all six permutations of the string "abc" in reverse order

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <string>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <functional>
    int main()
    {
        std::string s="abc";
        std::sort(s.begin(), s.end(), std::greater<char>());
        do {
            std::cout << s << ' ';
        } while(std::prev_permutation(s.begin(), s.end()));
        std::cout << '\n';
    }

Output:

    cba cab bca bac acb abc

### See also

is_permutation (C++11) | determines if a sequence is a permutation of another sequence (function template)
next_permutation | generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements (function template)

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