CGDB
Summary of CGDB
1 Getting In and Out of CGDB
2 Understanding the core concepts of CGDB
  2.1 Understanding the source window.
  2.2 Understanding the GDB window.
  2.3 Understanding the file dialog window.
  2.4 Understanding the status bar.
  2.5 Switch between windows
3 CGDB commands
  3.1 Commands available during CGDB mode
  3.2 Commands available during GDB mode
  3.3 Commands available during the file dialog mode
4 CGDB configuration commands
5 CGDB highlighting groups
  5.1 The different highlighting groups
  5.2 The different attributes
  5.3 The different colors
6 CGDB key user interface
  6.1 The KUI's time out options
  6.2 Using maps
  6.3 Understanding keycodes
7 Allowing terminal control flow in CGDB
8 Building CGDB from source
Appendix A Copying This Manual
Index
CGDB
****

This manual is for GNU CGDB (version 0.8.0, 16 January 2022), the GNU
ncurses based front end to GDB.

   Copyright (C) 2019 CGDB Team

     This document is part of a free software program; you can
     redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
     Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
     version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
     General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
     Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston MA 02111-1307
     USA

Summary of CGDB
***************

CGDB is a curses-based interface to the GNU Debugger (GDB). The goal of
CGDB is to be lightweight and responsive; not encumbered with
unnecessary features.

   The interface is designed to deliver the familiar GDB text interface,
with a split screen showing the source as it executes.  The UI is
modeled on the classic Unix text editor, vi.  Those familiar with vi
should feel right at home using CGDB.

   The library responsible for communicating with GDB is called gdbwire.
Those wanting to develop other interfaces to GDB are welcome to use
gdbwire as the basis for their program.  Many of the headaches of
parsing GDB's output and annotations can be avoided by using it.

   Some features offered by CGDB are:

   * Syntax-highlighted source window

   * Visual breakpoint setting

   * Keyboard shortcuts for common functions

   * Searching source window (using regexp)

1 Getting In and Out of CGDB
****************************

This chapter discusses how to start CGDB, and how to get out of it.  The
essentials are:
   * type 'cgdb' to start CGDB.

   * type 'quit' or 'C-d' in the GDB window to exit.

   * type ':quit' in the source window to exit.  This even works if GDB
     is currently hanging, or operating a long command.

2 Understanding the core concepts of CGDB
*****************************************

The CGDB user interface currently consists of two windows and a status
bar.  The source window is currently on the top and the GDB window is on
the bottom.  The "status bar" currently separates the two windows.

   The interface has several modes depending on which window is focused.
"CGDB mode" is when the source window is focused and "GDB mode" is when
the GDB window is focused.

   Beginning with CGDB version 1.0, the windows are movable, and the
user will be able to create as many or as few that is desired.
Currently however, all of my time is spent developing the interface
between CGDB and GDB. Once this is complete, the UI of CGDB will become
much more polished.  If you are a ncurses developer, and have spare time
to work on this task, please contact me.

2.1 Understanding the source window.
====================================

The "source window" is the window that provides you a view of the source
code that the debugged program is made up of.  It will display to the
user a single source file at a time.  While the user is debugging, via
'next' and 'step', CGDB will update the source file and line number to
keep you informed as to where GDB is debugging.

   CGDB has several features that make debugging easier than using plain
old GDB. One feature you will notice right away while debugging a C, C++
or ADA program, is that the source files are syntax highlighted.  This
allows the user to easily navigate through the source file to look for
certain places in the source code.  If you would like to see another
source language highlighted, contact us.  To understanding how to
navigate through the source window look at the commands in *note CGDB
Mode::.

   In addition to showing the source code, CGDB also displays to the
user the currently executing line.  The line number will be highlighted
green, to represent that the particular line, is the current line being
debugged by GDB. Also, CGDB will display an arrow extending from the
line number, to the source line.  You can configure what type of display
CGDB uses with the ':set executinglinedisplay' configuration option.  By
default, the 'longarrow' display is used.

   As you navigate through the source window, the current line the
cursor is on will be highlighted with a block.  This simply helps you
keep track of where you are in the file.  You can configure what type of
display CGDB uses with the ':set selectedlinedisplay' configuration
option.  By deafult, the 'block' display is used.

   Also, you can set or delete breakpoints in CGDB from the source
window.  Simply navigate to the line that you are interested in setting
a breakpoint, and hit the space bar.  This will set a breakpoint on the
line if one did not already exist.  The line number should turn red to
indicate that a breakpoint has been set.  Hitting the space bar again
will delete the breakpoint.  If you disable the breakpoint, the line
number will turn yellow, to represent the disabled breakpoint.

   CGDB also supports regular expression searching within the source
window.  If you type '/' or '?' you can search in the source window for
a string of interest.  The C library regular expression functions are
used to perform this search, which honors things like '*' or '+'.

   The full list of commands that are available in the source window is
in *note CGDB Mode::.

2.2 Understanding the GDB window.
=================================

The "GDB window" is how CGDB allows the user to interface with the GNU
debugger.  If you wish to pass a command to GDB, simply type it into
this window and GDB will receive the command.  This interface is
intended to be 100% identical to using GDB on a terminal.

   There is a limited set of keys that can be typed into this window
that CGDB interprets and handles, instead of sending to GDB. They are
all available in *note GDB Mode::.

   CGDB attempts to buffer commands the same way they would be if you
typed them at the terminal.  So, if you type several commands before a
single one finishes, they will each be run in order.  There will be no
way to stop these commands from being run besides from typing 'Ctrl-C',
like you would at any normal terminal when working with GDB.

   CGDB also supports regular expression searching within the GDB
window.

2.3 Understanding the file dialog window.
=========================================

The "file dialog window" is available to help the user view and select
which file they would like to view.  It provides the user with a list of
all the files that make up the program being debugged.  If there are no
files available, because there is no program being debugged or because
there is no debug symbols, then the file dialog will not open and a
message will be displayed at the status bar.

   You can get to the file dialog by hitting 'o' when you are at the
source window.  Once you enter the file dialog, it is possible to leave
it by hitting 'q'.  You can navigate the file dialog using the standard
direction keys and you can even use regular expression to find your
file.  This can save a lot of time as the number of files grow.

   The full list of commands that are available in the source window is
in *note File Dialog Mode::.

2.4 Understanding the status bar.
=================================

The "status bar" is the general purpose way for CGDB to show the user
which commands they are currently typing or report errors to the user
when they occur.  CGDB does not use popup's or other forms of I/O to
alert the user of information or problems.

   While CGDB is running, you can configure it with any of the commands
that are valid in CGDB's configuration file.  Simply type ':' in the
source window, and you will see the colon, and the rest of the command
you type appear in the status bar.  When you are finished typing the
command that you are interested in, type 'enter'.  This will alert CGDB
to execute the command.  If at any point you would like to cancel the
current command typed so far, type the cgdb mode key.  This will put you
back into CGDB mode.  For a description of the cgdb mode key, see *note
Switching Windows::.

   The full list of commands that are available in the source window is
in *note Configuring CGDB::.

2.5 Switch between windows
==========================

When CGDB is invoked, the interface is in "GDB mode".  A '*' at the
right of the status bar indicates that input will be passed to GDB. To
change the focus to the source window, hit the <ESC> key.  The "cgdb
mode key" is the key that is responsible for switching the user into
"CGDB mode" from a different mode.  The cgdb mode key is defaulted to
the <ESC> key.  To change this value, look at the configuration options
for CGDB. *Note Configuring CGDB::.

   The interface is now in "CGDB mode".  To switch back into "GDB mode",
press 'i'.  This syntax is based on the popular Unix text-editor, vi.

3 CGDB commands
***************

CGDB can be controlled in a variety of different ways.  Each mode that
CGDB is in acts differently.  Currently CGDB implicitly changes modes
depending on which window is active.  The following information will
help you determine what commands are accessible during which modes.

3.1 Commands available during CGDB mode
=======================================

When you are in the source window, you are implicitly in "CGDB mode".
All of the below commands are available during this mode.  This mode is
primarily available for the user to view the current source file, search
it, or switch to a different mode.

'cgdbmodekey'
     Puts the user into command mode.  However, you are already in this
     mode.  This is defaulted to the <ESC> key.

'i'
     Puts the user into "GDB mode".

's'
     Puts the user into scroll mode in the "GDB mode".

'Ctrl-T'
     Opens a new tty for the debugged program.

'Ctrl-W'
     Toggle the window orientation (horizontal <-> vertical).

'[<number>]k'
'[<number>]up arrow'
     Move up a line or up '<number>' lines.

'[<number>]j'
'[<number>]down arrow'
     Move down a line or down '<number>' lines.

'h'
'left arrow'
     Move left a line.

'l'
'right arrow'
     Move right a line.

'Ctrl-b'
'page up'
     Move up a page.

'Ctrl-u'
     Move up 1/2 a page.

'Ctrl-f'
'page down'
     Move down a page.

'Ctrl-d'
     Move down 1/2 a page.

'gg'
     Move to the top of file.

'[<number>]G'
     Move to the bottom of file or to a line number within the file.

'm[a-zA-Z]'
     Set a mark at the cursor position.  A lower case letter sets a
     local mark that is valid within one file.  An upper case letter
     sets a global mark valid between files.  If there are ten files,
     each file can have a mark 'a', but only one can have a mark 'A'.

''[a-zA-Z]'
     Jump to the corresponding local or global mark.

''''
     Jump to the last jump location.

''.'
     Jump to the currently executing line.

'/'
     search from current cursor position.

'?'
     reverse search from current cursor position.

'n'
     next forward search.

'N'
     next reverse search.

'o'
     open the file dialog.

'spacebar'
     Sets a breakpoint at the current line number.

't'
     Sets a temporary breakpoint at the current line number.

'-'
     Shrink source window 1 line or column (depending on split
     orientation).

'='
     Grow source window 1 line or column (depending on split
     orientation).

'_'
     Shrink source window 25%

'+'
     Grow source window 25%

'Ctrl-l'
     Clear and redraw the screen.

'F5'
     Send a run command to GDB.

'F6'
     Send a continue command to GDB.

'F7'
     Send a finish command to GDB.

'F8'
     Send a next command to GDB.

'F10'
     Send a step command to GDB.

3.2 Commands available during GDB mode
======================================

When in "GDB mode", the user is in command mode or scroll mode.  When in
command mode, the user is typing in commands to interact with GDB. When
in scroll mode, the user can scroll through the GDB output.  You can
enter scroll mode by typing 'page up' and quit scroll mode by typing
'q', 'i' or 'enter'.

   The commands available in *note GDB Mode:: when in command mode are:

'cgdbmodekey'
     Switch back to source window.  This is defaulted to the <ESC> key.

'page up'
     Move up a page and enter scroll mode.

   When in command mode, CGDB will pass along any other keys to the
readline library.  When readline has determined that a command has been
received, it alerts CGDB, and a command is then sent to GDB.

   The commands available in *note GDB Mode:: when in scroll mode are:

'cgdbmodekey'
     Switch back to source window.  This is defaulted to the <ESC> key.

'page up'
     Move up a page.

'page down'
     Move down a page.

'Ctrl-u'
     Move up 1/2 a page.

'Ctrl-d'
     Move down 1/2 a page.

'F11'
'home key'
'gg'
     Go to the beginning of the GDB buffer.

'F12'
'end key'
'G'
     Go to the end of the GDB buffer.

'k'
'up arrow'
'Ctrl-p'
     Move up a line.

'j'
'down arrow'
'Ctrl-n'
     Move down a line.

'/'
     search from current cursor position.

'?'
     reverse search from current cursor position.

'n'
     next forward search.

'N'
     next reverse search.

''.'
     Jump to the last line.

'q'
'i'
'enter'
     Exit scroll mode.

3.3 Commands available during the file dialog mode
==================================================

The file dialog is primarily used to allow the user to find and open a
source file that the program they are debugging is made up of.  The file
dialog will be full screen, and will list each file that the debugged
program is made up of.  A usual instance of the file dialog would be to
open it up from the source window using the 'o' key, and then to search
for the file of interest.  If you are looking for foo.c type '/foo.c',
press 'enter' once to finish the regular expression and again to select
the file.

   The commands available in the file dialog are:

'q'
     Will exit the file dialog, and return to the source window.

'k'
'up arrow'
     Move up a line.

'j'
'down arrow'
     Move down a line.

'h'
'left arrow'
     Move left a line.

'l'
'right arrow'
     Move right a line.

'Ctrl-b'
'page up'
     Move up a page.

'Ctrl-u'
     Move up 1/2 a page.

'Ctrl-f'
'page down'
     Move down a page.

'Ctrl-d'
     Move down 1/2 a page.

'gg'
     Move to the top of the file dialog.

'[<number>]G'
     Move to the bottom of the file dialog or to a line number within
     the file dialog.

'/'
     search from current cursor position.

'?'
     reverse search from current cursor position.

'n'
     next forward search.

'N'
     next reverse search.

'enter'
     Select the current file.

4 CGDB configuration commands
*****************************

By default, CGDB stores its user-specific files (such as command
history, program logs, and config files) in the '~/.cgdb/' directory.
This location is configurable; if the environment variable 'CGDB_DIR' is
set to a directory name, CGDB will use the specified directory instead
of '~/.cgdb/'.

   There may be several features that you find useful in CGDB. CGDB is
capable of automating any of these commands through the use of the
config file called 'cgdbrc'.  It looks in '$CGDB_DIR' for that file, or
in 'HOME''/.cgdb/' if the 'CGDB_DIR' environment variable is not set.
If the 'cgdbrc' file exists, CGDB executes each one of its lines in
order.  It is as if the user typed in all the commands into the status
bar after the tui was initialized.

   The following variables change the behavior of some aspect of CGDB.
Many of these commands may be abbreviated in some way, and all boolean
commands my be negated by appending 'no' to the front.  For example:
':set ignorecase' turns on case-insensitive searching; while ':set
noignorecase' turns on case-sensitive searching.

':set asr'
':set autosourcereload'
     If this is on, CGDB will automatically reload a source file if it
     has changed since CGDB has opened it.  If it is off, the file will
     never be reloaded, until you start CGDB again.  The default is on.
     This feature is useful when you are debugging a program, then you
     modify a source file, recompile, and type 'r' in GDB's CLI window.
     The file in this case will be updated to show the new version.
     Note, CGDB only looks at the timestamp of the source file to
     determine if it has changed.  So if you modify the source file, and
     didn't recompile yet, CGDB will still pick up on the changes.

':set cgdbmodekey=KEY'
     This option is used to determine what key puts CGDB into "CGDB
     Mode".  By default, the 'ESC' key is used.  KEY can be any normal
     key on the keyboard.  It can also be any keycode, as long as the
     keycode notation is used.  This option is especially useful when
     the user wants to use readline in vi mode.  If the user types 'set
     cgdbmodekey=<PageUp>' then the 'Page Up' key will put CGDB into
     CGDB mode and the 'ESC' key will flow through to readline.

':set color'
     This option is used to enable or disable color support in CGDB. The
     default is on.  When enabled, CGDB can display color when
     appropriate.  This typically occurs when syntax highlighting source
     files in the source viewer.  When disabled, CGDB will not display
     colors.  It may instead use other terminal attributes for syntax
     highlighting, including bold and reverse attributes.  See the
     'highlight' commamnd and look for the 'cterm' option.

     It should be noted that even when color is enabled in CGDB, if
     ncurses declares that the terminal does not support colors, CGDB
     will not use colors.

':set dwc'
':set debugwincolor'
     This option controls if the debug window will display colors or
     not.  The default value is on.  When enabled, if GDB or the program
     being debugged output an ANSI escape code representing color, then
     CGDB will display the corresponding color instead of the escape
     code.  When disabled, CGDB will display the ANSI escape code in the
     debug window.  See
     <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#Colors> to learn
     more about ANSI escape codes.

':set dis'
':set disasm'
     This option is used to enable or disable showing assembly code in
     cgdb.  The default value is off.  When off, CGDB will display the
     source code to the user.  When no source code is available, CGDB
     will display the assembly code.  When this option is enabled, CGDB
     will display the mixed source and assembly when the source code is
     enabled and assembly code when the source code is not available.
     Please note that when assembly mode is displayed, it's displayed
     per function instead of per file.

':set eld=STYLE'
':set executinglinedisplay=STYLE'
     Set the executing line display to STYLE.  Possible values for STYLE
     are 'shortarrow', 'longarrow', 'highlight', and 'block'.  Changes
     the display that is used to indicate the currently executing line
     in the source viewer.  The default value is 'longarrow'.  The
     'shortarrow' option draws an arrow next to the source line number.
     The 'longarrow' option also draws an arrow next to the source line
     number, but extends the arrow until the source code.  The
     'highlight' option draws the entire line in inverse video and the
     'block' option draws an inverse block (cursor) next to the source
     code being executed.

':set hls'
':set hlsearch'
     When enabled, if there is a previous search pattern, highlight all
     its matches.  The default is disabled.

':set ic'
':set ignorecase'
     Sets searching case insensitive.  The default is off.

':set sbbs'
':set scrollbackbuffersize'
     Set the size of the scrollback buffer for the gdb window to num
     lines.  The default scrollback is 10000 lines.

':set sld=STYLE'
':set selectedlinedisplay=STYLE'
     Set the selected line display to STYLE.  Possible values for STYLE
     are 'shortarrow', 'longarrow', 'highlight', and 'block'.  Changes
     the display that is used to indicate the currently selected line in
     the source viewer.  The default value is 'block'.  The 'shortarrow'
     option draws an arrow next to the source line number.  The
     'longarrow' option also draws an arrow next to the source line
     number, but extends the arrow until the source code.  The
     'highlight' option draws the entire line in inverse video and the
     'block' option draws an inverse block (cursor) next to the source
     code being selected.

':set showmarks'
     This option controls if the source window will show marks or not.
     The default value is on.  When enabled, CGDB will show the marks
     that the user has set in the vertical bar in the source window
     separating the line number from the source code.

':set sdc'
':set showdebugcommands'
     If this is on, CGDB will show all of the commands that it sends to
     GDB. If it is off, CGDB will not show the commands that it gives to
     GDB. The default is off.

':set syn=STYLE'
':set syntax=STYLE'
     Sets the current highlighting mode of the current file to have the
     syntax STYLE.  Possible values for SYNTAX are 'c', 'asm', 'd',
     'go', 'ada', 'rust', 'off', 'no', 'on' or 'yes'.  Normally, the
     user will never have to do this, since CGDB automatically detects
     what syntax a file should be based on its file extension.  However,
     this feature can currently be useful for debugging purposes.  'on'
     and 'yes' enable syntax highlighting based on the source files
     extension.  'off' and 'no' disable syntax highlighting.  The
     remaining values set the specific language highlighters independent
     of the source files extension.

':set to'
':set timeout'
     This option is used along with the TTIMEOUT option to determine the
     behavior CGDB should have when it receives part of a mapped key
     sequence or a keyboard code sequence.  If this option is on, CGDB
     will time out on both user defined mappings and on key codes from
     the keyboard.  If this option is off, user defined mappings will
     not be timed out on.  In this case, CGDB will determine if it
     should time out on key codes from the keyboard by examining the
     TTIMEOUT option.  To determine how CGDB will time out on mappings
     and key codes, and what time out lengths CGDB will use, please
     refer to the chart in *note Key User Interface::.  The default
     value for this option is on.

':set tm=DELAY'
':set timeoutlen=DELAY'
     This option is used along with the TTIMEOUTLEN option.  It
     represents the number of milliseconds that CGDB should wait for a
     key code from the keyboard or for a mapped key sequence to
     complete.  If DELAY is 0, CGDB immediately accepts each character
     it receives.  This will prevent any mappings or key codes to
     complete.  DELAY may be any value between 0 and 10000, inclusive.
     The default setting for the DELAY variable is 1000 (one second).

':set ttimeout'
     This option is used along with the TIMEOUT option to determine the
     behavior CGDB should have when it receives part of keyboard code
     sequence.  If this option is on, CGDB will time out on key codes
     from the keyboard.  If this option is off, CGDB will determine if
     it should time out on key codes from the keyboard by examining the
     TIMEOUT option.  To determine how CGDB will time out on key codes,
     what what time length it will use, please refer to the chart in
     *note Key User Interface::.  The default value for this option is
     on.

':set ttm=DELAY'
':set ttimeoutlen=DELAY'
     This option is used along with the TTIMEOUTLEN option.  It
     represents the number of milliseconds that CGDB should wait for a
     key code from the keyboard.  If DELAY is 0, CGDB immediately
     accepts each character it receives.  This will prevent any key
     codes to complete.  DELAY may be any value between 0 and 10000,
     inclusive.  The default setting for the DELAY variable is 100 (one
     tenth of a second).

':set ts=NUMBER'
':set tabstop=NUMBER'
     Sets the number of spaces that should be rendered on the screen for
     <TAB> characters.  The default value for NUMBER is 8.

':set wmh=NUMBER'
':set winminheight=NUMBER'
     The minimal height of a window.  Windows will never become smaller
     than this value.  The default value for NUMBER is 0.  This is
     useful when WINSPLITORIENTATION is set to 'horizontal'.

':set wmw=NUMBER'
':set winminwidth=NUMBER'
     The minimal width of a window.  Windows will never become smaller
     than this value.  The default value for NUMBER is 0.  This is
     useful when WINSPLITORIENTATION is set to 'vertical'.

':set winsplit=STYLE'
     Set the split point between source and GDB window.  This is
     especially useful as an init setting in your 'cgdbrc' file.  *Note
     Configuring CGDB::.  The possible values for STYLE are 'src_full',
     'src_big', 'even', 'gdb_big', and 'gdb_full'.

':set wso=STYLE'
':set winsplitorientation=STYLE'
     Sets the window split orientation to either 'horizontal' (which
     places the source window above and the GDB window below), or
     'vertical' ( hich places the source window on the left and the GDB
     window on the right).  *Note Configuring CGDB::.

':set ws'
':set wrapscan'
     Searches wrap around the end of file.  The default is on.

':c'
':continue'
     Send a continue command to GDB.

':down'
     Send a down command to GDB.

':e'
':edit'
     reloads the file in the source window.  this can be useful if the
     file has changed since it was opened by cgdb.

':f'
':finish'
     Send a finish command to GDB.

':help'
     This will display the current manual in text format, in the "source
     window".

':logo'
     This will display one of CGDB's logos in the "source window".

':hi GROUP cterm=ATTRIBUTES ctermfg=COLOR ctermbg=COLOR term=ATTRIBUTES'
':highlight GROUP cterm=ATTRIBUTES ctermfg=COLOR ctermbg=COLOR term=ATTRIBUTES'
     Set the COLOR and ATTRIBUTES for a highlighting group.  The syntax
     mimics vim's "highlight" command.  Possible values for GROUP,
     ATTRIBUTES and COLOR are available in *note Highlighting Groups::.

     You can give as many or as few of the name=value pairs as you wish,
     in any order.  'ctermfg' and 'ctermbg' set the foreground and
     background colors.  These can be specified by color number or by
     using the same color names that vim uses.  When CGDB is linked with
     ncurses, the number you use to represent the color can be between
     -1 and COLORS. When CGDB is linked against curses, it must be
     between 0 and COLORS.

     'cterm' sets the video attributes for color terminals.  'term' sets
     the video attributes for monochrome terminals.  Some examples are,
          :highlight Logo cterm=bold,underline ctermfg=Red ctermbg=Black
          :highlight Normal cterm=reverse ctermfg=White ctermbg=Black
          :hi Normal term=bold

':insert'
     Move focus to the GDB window.

':n'
':next'
     Send a next command to GDB.

':nexti'
     Send a nexti command to GDB.

':q'
':quit'
     Quit CGDB.

':r'
':run'
     Send a run command to GDB.

':start'
     Send a start command to GDB.

':k'
':kill'
     Send a kill command to GDB.

':s'
':step'
     Send a step command to GDB.

':stepi'
     Send a stepi command to GDB.

':syntax'
     Turn the syntax on or off.

':u'
':until'
     Send an until command to GDB.

':up'
     Send an up command to GDB.

':map LHS RHS'
     Create a new mapping or overwrite an existing mapping in CGDB mode.
     After the command is run, if LHS is typed, CGDB will get RHS
     instead.  For more details on how to use the map command look in
     *note Using Maps::.
':unm LHS'
':unmap LHS'
     Delete an existing mapping from CGDB mode.  LHS is what was typed
     in the left hand side when the user created the mapping.  For
     example, if the user typed ':map a<Space>b foo' then the user could
     delete the existing mapping with ':unmap a<Space>b'.
':im LHS RHS'
':imap LHS RHS'
     Create a new mapping or overwrite an existing mapping in GDB mode.
     After the command is run, if LHS is typed, CGDB will get RHS
     instead.  For more details on how to use the map command look in
     *note Using Maps::.
':iu LHS'
':iunmap LHS'
     Delete an existing mapping from GDB mode.  LHS is what was typed in
     the left hand side when the user created the mapping.  For example,
     if the user typed ':imap a<Space>b foo' then the user could delete
     the existing mapping with ':iunmap a<Space>b'.

5 CGDB highlighting groups
**************************

CGDB is capable of using colors if the terminal it is run in supports
them.  Until version 0.6.1, CGDB did not allow the user to configure
these colors in any way.  CGDB color use is now fully configurable.

   CGDB's modeled its use of color highlighting after vim.  Any data
that will be colored in the terminal is represented by a highlighting
group.  A "highlighting group" represents data that should be formatted
using foreground colors, background colors and attributes.  There are
currently several types of highlighting groups in CGDB. There are syntax
highlighting groups, which represent syntax highlighting of sources
files.  There are also User Interface groups, which represent things
like CGDB's logo, or the status bar.

   Each highlighting group has a default set of attributes and colors
associated with it.  You can modify a highlighting groups properties by
using the highlight command.  *Note Configuring CGDB::.

   Note that CGDB currently supports using the same background color the
terminal was using before CGDB was started.  However, this only works
when CGDB was linked with ncurses.  If you link CGDB with curses, then
CGDB will force the background to Black.

5.1 The different highlighting groups
=====================================

Below is a list of all the highlighting groups that CDGB will use when
syntax highlighting source files.

'Statement'
     This represents the keywords a language defines.
'Type'
     This represents the types a language defines.
'Constant'
     This represents either a string or numeric value.
'Comment'
     This represents the comments in a source file.
'PreProc'
     This represents the C/C++ preprocessor commands.
'Normal'
     This represents all normal text.

   Below is a list of all the highlighting groups that CGDB will use
when it is displaying it's User Interface.

'StatusLine'
     This represents the "status bar" in CGDB. The file dialog's status
     bar also uses this group.
'Search'
     This represents the group used when displaying the previous search
     in either the source window, the GDB window in scroll mode, or the
     "file dialog window".  This is only used when the HLSEARCH option
     is enabled.
'IncSearch'
     This represents the group used when the user is searching in either
     the source window, the GDB window in scroll mode, or the "file
     dialog window".
'SelectedLineArrow'
     This represents the group used when the user has the
     'selectedlinedisplay' set to 'shortarrow' or 'longarrow'.
'ExecutingLineArrow'
     This represents the group used when the user has the
     'executinglinedisplay' set to 'shortarrow' or 'longarrow'.
'SelectedLineHighlight'
     This represents the group used when the user has the
     'selectedlinedisplay' option set to 'highlight'.
'ExecutingLineHighlight'
     This represents the group used when the user has the
     'executinglinedisplay' option set to 'highlight'.
'SelectedLineBlock'
     This represents the group used when the user has the
     'selectedlinedisplay' option set to 'block'.
'ExecutingLineBlock'
     This represents the group used when the user has the
     'executinglinedisplay' option set to 'block'.
'Breakpoint'
     This represents the group that is used when CGDB displays a line
     that has a breakpoint set.
'DisabledBreakpoint'
     This represents the group that is used when CGDB displays a line
     that has a disabled breakpoint set.
'SelectedLineNr'
     This represents the group that is used when CGDB is displaying the
     currently selected line.  This is the line that the cursor is on.
'ExecutingLineNr'
     This represents the group that is used when CGDB is displaying the
     currently executing line.
'ScrollModeStatus'
     This represents the group that is used when CGDB is displaying the
     currently selected line number when in *note GDB Mode:: and the
     user is scrolling through the GDB buffer.
'Logo'
     This is the group CGDB uses to display its logo on startup when no
     source file can be auto detected.
'Mark'
     This is the group CGDB uses to display a mark in the source window.
     Marks are displayed when the 'showmarks' option is enabled.  See
     the 'showmarks' option for more detail.

5.2 The different attributes
============================

CGDB supports many of the attributes that curses provides.  It will
apply the attributes to the output window, but it is up to the terminal
you are using to support such features.

   The list of attributes that CGDB currently supports is below.

'normal'
'NONE'
     This will leave the text normal.  Uses A_NORMAL curses attribute.
'bold'
     This will make the text appear bold.  Uses A_BOLD curses attribute.
'underline'
     This will underline the text.  Uses A_UNDERLINE curses attribute.
'reverse'
'inverse'
     This will reverse the foreground and background colors.  Uses
     A_REVERSE curses attribute.
'standout'
     This is the best highlighting mode of the terminal.  Uses
     A_STANDOUT curses attribute.
'blink'
     This will cause the text to blink.  Uses A_BLINK curses attribute.
'dim'
     This will cause the text to be 1/2 bright.  Uses A_DIM curses
     attribute.

5.3 The different colors
========================

CGDB supports several colors, depending on how many colors your terminal
supports.  Below is a chart of the colors that CGDB provides.  The
values for each color represent the defines from the curses header file
passed to init_pair() to ask curses to create a new color.

'COLOR NAME'                  'Color'        'Bold
                                             attribute'
Black                         COLOR_BLACK    No
DarkBlue                      COLOR_BLUE     No
DarkGreen                     COLOR_GREEN    No
DarkCyan                      COLOR_CYAN     No
DarkRed                       COLOR_RED      No
DarkMagenta                   COLOR_MAGENTA  No
Brown, DarkYellow             COLOR_YELLOW   No
LightGray, LightGrey, Gray,   COLOR_WHITE    No
Grey
DarkGray, DarkGrey            COLOR_BLACK    Yes
Blue, LightBlue               COLOR_BLUE     Yes
Green, LightGreen             COLOR_GREEN    Yes
Cyan, LightCyan               COLOR_CYAN     Yes
Red, LightRed                 COLOR_RED      Yes
Magenta, LightMagenta         COLOR_MAGENTA  Yes
Yellow, LightYellow           COLOR_YELLOW   Yes
White                         COLOR_WHITE    Yes

6 CGDB key user interface
*************************

The Key User Interface is how CGDB receives input from the user.  It is
usually referred to as the "KUI". CGDB simply asks the KUI for the next
key the user typed and the KUI will provide it.

   The KUI has 2 major responsibilities besides reading normal user
input and providing it to CGDB. It needs to detect when the user has
typed a user defined map or when the user has hit a special key on the
keyboard.

   A user defined map, or simply "map", is used to change the meaning of
typed keys.  Some users may refer to this type of functionality as a
"macro".  An example would be 'map a b'.  If the user then typed the <a>
character, the KUI would detect that it was mapped to <b> and return <b>
to CGDB.

   When the user types a special key on the keyboard, a "key code" is
sent to CGDB. Typically, keys like 'HOME', 'DEL', <F1>, etc, when
pressed will send several characters to the application instead of just
one character like a normal key does.  These characters combined are
called a "key sequence".  The KUI is responsible for assembling the key
sequences back together and reporting to CGDB that a particular key was
typed by the user.  The 'ESC' key is special because typically most key
codes start with that key.  This usually gives all key codes a common
first key in its key sequence.  The KUI uses the terminfo database to
determine what key sequences are sent by which keycodes.  There are a
few commonly used key sequences that are hard coded into CGDB.

   A major challenge the KUI has to overcome is determining when a map
or a key sequence is received.  The KUI sometimes will need to read more
than one character to determine this.  For example, if the user has 2
maps, 'map abc def' and 'map abd def', the KUI would have to buffer at
least the characters <a> and <b> before it could determine if the user
was going to type a map.  After the next key press, if the user types
<c> or <d> then a map was received and the KUI will return 'd e f' to
CGDB. Otherwise, no map was received and the KUI must return 'a b' to
CGDB.

   The options TIMEOUT, TTIMEOUT, TIMEOUTLEN and TTIMEOUTLEN can be used
to tell the KUI if it should timeout on partial mappings or key
sequences, and if so, how long it should wait before timing out.

6.1 The KUI's time out options
==============================

The KUI may be configured to time out on either maps or key sequences.

   When the KUI is matching a partial map or key sequence it is capable
of timing out.  This means it will simply accepts the keys it has
received so far if a certain amount of time elapses between key presses.
This is obvious when the user is typing a map because the user must
press each key individually.  For partial key sequences, this is less
obvious.  That is because the user only presses a single key, but
multiple characters are sent to CGDB. The table below describes how the
user can configure the KUI to time out on key codes or maps.  The
TIMEOUT and TTIMEOUT options control this functionality.

timeout     ttimeout    action
---------------------------------------------------------
off         off         do not time out
on          on or off   time out on maps and key codes
off         on          time out on key codes

   It is also possible to tell the KUI how long to wait before timing
out on a partial match.  If TIMEOUT is on, then the KUI will wait a
certain amount of time for the next character, when matching a map,
before it decides a match is no longer possible.  If TIMEOUT or TTIMEOUT
is on, then the KUI will wait a certain amount of time for the next
character, when matching a key sequence, before it decides a match is no
longer possible.  The TIMEOUTLEN and TTIMEOUTLEN options can be
configured by the user to tell the KUI how long to wait before timing
out.  The table below describes when the KUI uses which option.

timeoutlen  mapping        key code
            delay          delay
------------------------------------------
< 0         TIMEOUTLEN     TIMEOUTLEN
>= 0        TIMEOUTLEN     TTIMEOUTLEN

   A value of 0 means that the KUI will time out right away.  It will
not be possible to match a map or key code in this circumstance.

   A common problem could be that when the user types a special key like
the left or right arrows, CGDB will go into the source mode and not
perform the action requested by the user.  This typically means that the
key code delay is to small.  If you try setting the option 'set
ttimeoutlen=1000' CGDB should start acting like the user expects.  If
not, please report this to the CGDB mailing list.

6.2 Using maps
==============

CGDB fully supports the use of maps.  It allows the user to change the
meaning of typed keys.  For example, you could have the following map
':map <F2> ip<Space>argc<CR>'.

   When the user is in CGDB mode and they hit <F2>, the value of the map
will be used instead.  The 'i' key will first be received by CGDB, and
it will put the user into insert mode.  Next, CGDB will get 'p argc'
followed by the <Enter> key.

   CGDB currently supports two mapping lists.  Any mapping that was
added with the MAP command will be used by CGDB when it is in CGDB mode.
You can delete a mapping that you have created with the MAP command with
the UNMAP command.  If you want to have mappings in GDB mode, you can
use the IMAP command.  Similarly, IUNMAP will delete a mapping in the
IMAP set.  Some examples of this would be
     map a<Space>b foo
     unmap a<Space>b

     imap a<CR>b foo
     iunmap a<CR>b

6.3 Understanding keycodes
==========================

The above example could use a little more explaining for people
unfamiliar with vim maps.  The map takes a key and a value.  They are
separated by a space.  Neither the key or value can have a space in
them, or it is considered to be the separator between the key and value.
If the user desires to have a space in either the key or value part of a
map, they can use the keycode notation <Space>.  Below is a table of the
keycodes in "keycode notation" form.  The keycode notation can be used
in any mapping command.

notation    meaning
------------------------------------------
<Esc>       escape key
<Up>        cursor up key
<Down>      cursor down key
<Left>      cursor left key
<Right>     cursor right key
<Home>      home key
<End>       end key
<PageUp>    page up key
<PageDown>  page down key
<Del>       delete key
<Insert>    insert key
<Nul>       zero
<Bs>        backspace key
<Tab>       tab key
<NL>        linefeed
<FF>        formfeed
<CR>        carriage return
<Space>     space
<Lt>        less-than
<Bslash>    backslash
<Bar>       vertical bar
<F1> -      function keys 1 to 12
<F12>
<C-...>     control keys
<S-...>     shift keys

7 Allowing terminal control flow in CGDB
****************************************

A user can typically set there control flow behavior by using the stty
command like so 'stty -ixon -ixoff'.  This will disable control flow on
the terminal where CGDB is started.  If you want to turn control flow
back on you can type 'stty ixon ixoff'.  If flow control is on, when the
user types 'Ctrl-s', the terminal stops.  When the user types 'Ctrl-q',
the terminal restarts.  When using readline, the 'Ctrl-s' character
usually does a forward search.  So, if you want to get this, or other
functionality out of readline, simply turn off control flow and start
CGDB.

8 Building CGDB from source
***************************

Building CGDB from source requires several packages.  First, CGDB is
hosted at GitHub.  You can determine how to get CGDB from source by
looking here: https://cgdb.github.io/

   Once you have the source to CGDB, now you can begin to build it.  You
will of course need many packages to build CGDB. Below is a list of all
of them that are required to build CGDB.

'GNU Make'
     I have successfully used version 3.79.1, however, older versions
     probably will work.

'GNU GCC'
     The GNU C compiler.  I've compiled CGDB with versions as old as
     2.9.5, and as new as 4.0.2.

'GNU Readline'
     The GNU readline library version 5.1.  CGDB will not work with
     versions before 5.1.  Readline was modified specifically to work
     with CGDB.

'GNU Ncurses'
     I have successfully used libncurses.so.5 successfully.  However,
     older versions probably will work.

   Below is a list of optional packages you will need, if modifying
certain files in CGDB.

'GNU Flex'
     If you modify any files with an extension of '.l', you will have to
     have flex installed.  I have used flex 2.5.4 to build CGDB.

'GNU Texinfo'
     If you modify 'doc/cgdb.texinfo', then you will be required to have
     this package installed.  I have used version 4.7 to build the
     documentation for CGDB.

   CGDB uses autoconf/automake to build its configure scripts and
makefiles.  So, if you change any of the autoconf/automake files, you
will need this software installed.

'GNU Automake'
     This has the program aclocal, and must be version Version 1.9.5.

'GNU Autoconf'
     This has the program autoconf, and must be version 2.59.

'GNU m4'
     This has the program m4, and must be version 1.4.3.

Appendix A Copying This Manual
******************************

                         Version 2, June 1991

     Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble
========

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to
make sure the software is free for all its users.  This General Public
License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and
to any other program whose authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free
Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
License instead.)  You can apply it to your programs, too.

   When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if
you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

   To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

   For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.

   We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.

   Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.

   Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

   The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
===============================================================

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                              NO WARRANTY

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     OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
     FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
     PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
     DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
     OR CORRECTION.

  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
     WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
     MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
     LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
     INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
     INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
     DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
     OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
     OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
     ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

                      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
=======================================================

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.

   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

     ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
     Copyright (C) YYYY  NAME OF AUTHOR

     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
     the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
     (at your option) any later version.

     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     GNU General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
     Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.

   Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.

   If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
this when it starts in an interactive mode:

     Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
     Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
     under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

   The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
commands you use may be called something other than 'show w' and 'show
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.

   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

     Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
     `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

     SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
     Ty Coon, President of Vice

   This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.

Index
*****

* Menu:

* attributes:                            Available Attributes.
                                                             (line  948)
* building CGDB:                         Building CGDB.      (line 1173)
* CGDB key user interface:               Key User Interface. (line 1005)
* CGDB mode:                             Understanding CGDB. (line   91)
* colors:                                Available Colors.   (line  977)
* commands, in CGDB mode:                CGDB Mode.          (line  240)
* commands, in File Dialog mode:         File Dialog Mode.   (line  446)
* commands, in GDB mode:                 GDB Mode.           (line  368)
* configuring CGDB:                      Configuring CGDB.   (line  515)
* controlling CGDB:                      Controlling CGDB.   (line  232)
* file dialog window:                    File Dialog Window. (line  178)
* file dialog window <1>:                File Dialog Window. (line  178)
* GDB mode:                              Understanding CGDB. (line   91)
* GDB window:                            GDB Window.         (line  157)
* GDB window <1>:                        GDB Window.         (line  157)
* highlighting groups:                   Highlighting Groups.
                                                             (line  847)
* highlighting groups <1>:               Available Highlighting Groups.
                                                             (line  872)
* invocation CGDB:                       Invocation.         (line   79)
* regular expression search:             Source Window.      (line  146)
* regular expression search <1>:         GDB Window.         (line  172)
* source window:                         Source Window.      (line  109)
* status bar:                            Understanding CGDB. (line   91)
* status bar <1>:                        Status Bar.         (line  197)
* status bar <2>:                        Status Bar.         (line  197)
* switch between windows:                Switching Windows.  (line  218)
* terminal control flow:                 Terminal Control Flow.
                                                             (line 1160)
* timeout:                               Configuring the KUI Time Out Options.
                                                             (line 1049)
* timeoutlen:                            Configuring the KUI Time Out Options.
                                                             (line 1049)
* ttimeout:                              Configuring the KUI Time Out Options.
                                                             (line 1049)
* ttimeoutlen:                           Configuring the KUI Time Out Options.
                                                             (line 1049)
* understanding CGDB:                    Understanding CGDB. (line   91)

