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- HorizonsClass

# HorizonsClass

class astroquery.solarsystem.HorizonsClass(id=None, *, location=None, epochs=None, id_type=None)

  Bases: `BaseQuery`

  Query the JPL Horizons service.

  Initialize JPL query.

  Parameters:
    id str or dict, required

      Name, number, or designation of target object. Uses the same codes as JPL Horizons. Arbitrary topocentric coordinates can be added in a dict. The dict has to be of the form {`'lon'`: longitude in deg (East positive, West negative), `'lat'`: latitude in deg (North positive, South negative), `'elevation'`: elevation in km above the reference ellipsoid, [`'body'`: Horizons body ID of the central body; optional; if this value is not provided it is assumed that this location is on Earth]}. Float values are assumed to have units of degrees and kilometers.

    location str or dict, optional

      Observer’s location for ephemerides queries or center body name for orbital element or vector queries. Uses the same codes as JPL Horizons. If no location is provided, Earth’s center is used for ephemerides queries and the Sun’s center for elements and vectors queries. Arbitrary topocentric coordinates for ephemerides queries can be provided in the format of a dictionary. The dictionary has to be of the form {`'lon'`: longitude (East positive, West negative), `'lat'`: latitude (North positive, South negative), `'elevation'`: elevation above the reference ellipsoid, [`'body'`: Horizons body ID of the central body; optional; if this value is not provided it is assumed that this location is on Earth]}. Float values are assumed to have units of degrees and kilometers.

    epochs scalar, list-like, or dictionary, optional

      Either a list of epochs in JD or MJD format or a dictionary defining a range of times and dates; the range dictionary has to be of the form {`'start'`: ‘YYYY-MM-DD [HH:MM:SS]’, `'stop'`: ‘YYYY-MM-DD [HH:MM:SS]’, `'step'`: ‘n[y|d|m|s]’}. Epoch timescales depend on the type of query performed: UTC for ephemerides queries, TDB for element and vector queries. If no epochs are provided, the current time is used.

    id_type str, optional

      Controls Horizons’s object selection for `id` [HORIZONSDOC_SELECTION] . Options: `'designation'` (small body designation), `'name'` (asteroid or comet name), `'asteroid_name'`, `'comet_name'`, `'smallbody'` (asteroid and comet search), or `None` (first search search planets, natural satellites, spacecraft, and special cases, and if no matches, then search small bodies).

  References

  [HORIZONSDOC_SELECTION]

  https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html#select (retrieved 2021 Sep 23).

  Examples

      >>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
      >>> eros = Horizons(id='433', location='568',
      ...                 epochs={'start': '2017-01-01',
      ...                         'stop': '2017-02-01',
      ...                         'step': '1d'})
      >>> print(eros)
      JPLHorizons instance "433"; location=568,
      epochs={'start': '2017-01-01', 'stop': '2017-02-01', 'step': '1d'}, id_type=None

  Attributes Summary

  `TIMEOUT` |
  `id` |
  `location` |
  `raw_response` |

  Methods Summary

  `elements`(*args, **kwargs) | Queries the service and returns a table object.
  `elements_async`(*[, get_query_payload, ...]) | Query JPL Horizons for osculating orbital elements.
  `ephemerides`(*args, **kwargs) | Queries the service and returns a table object.
  `ephemerides_async`(*[, airmass_lessthan, ...]) | Query JPL Horizons for ephemerides.
  `vectors`(*args, **kwargs) | Queries the service and returns a table object.
  `vectors_async`(*[, get_query_payload, ...]) | Query JPL Horizons for state vectors.

  Attributes Documentation

  TIMEOUT = 30
  id
  location
  raw_response

    Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The raw_response attribute is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. Use an `_async` method (e.g., `ephemerides_async`) to return a response object, and access the content with `response.text` instead.

  Methods Documentation

  elements(*args, **kwargs)

    Queries the service and returns a table object.

    Query JPL Horizons for osculating orbital elements.

    Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The `get_raw_response` keyword argument is deprecated. The `elements_async` method will return a raw response.

    The `location` parameter in `HorizonsClass` refers in this case to the center body relative to which the elements are provided.

    The following table lists the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

    Column Name | Definition
    --- | ---
    targetname | official number, name, designation (string)
    H | absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)
    G | photometric slope parameter (float)
    M1 | comet total abs mag (float, mag, `M1`)
    M2 | comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, `M2`)
    k1 | total mag scaling factor (float, `k1`)
    k2 | nuclear mag scaling factor (float, `k2`)
    phasecoeff | comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, `PHCOFF`)
    datetime_str | epoch Date (str, `Calendar Date (TDB)`)
    datetime_jd | epoch Julian Date (float, `JDTDB`)
    e | eccentricity (float, `EC`)
    q | periapsis distance (float, au, `QR`)
    a | semi-major axis (float, au, `A`)
    incl | inclination (float, deg, `IN`)
    Omega | longitude of Asc. Node (float, deg, `OM`)
    w | argument of the perifocus (float, deg, `W`)
    Tp_jd | time of periapsis (float, Julian Date, `Tp`)
    n | mean motion (float, deg/d, `N`)
    M | mean anomaly (float, deg, `MA`)
    nu | true anomaly (float, deg, `TA`)
    period | orbital period (float, (Earth) d, `PR`)
    Q | apoapsis distance (float, au, `AD`)

    Parameters:
      refsystem string

        Element reference system for geometric and astrometric quantities: `'ICRF'` or `'B1950'`; default: `'ICRF'`

      refplane string

        Reference plane for all output quantities: `'ecliptic'` (ecliptic and mean equinox of reference epoch), `'earth'` (Earth mean equator and equinox of reference epoch), or `'body'` (body mean equator and node of date); default: `'ecliptic'`

      tp_type string

        Representation for time-of-perihelion passage: `'absolute'` or `'relative'` (to epoch); default: `'absolute'`

      closest_apparition boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      no_fragments boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      get_query_payload boolean, optional

        When set to `True` the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

      get_raw_response: boolean, optional

        Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

      cache bool

        Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

      response `requests.Response`

        The response of the HTTP request.

    Returns:
      table A `Table` object.

    Examples

        >>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
        >>> obj = Horizons(id='433', location='500@10',
        ...                epochs=2458133.33546)
        >>> el = obj.elements()
        >>> print(el)
            targetname      datetime_jd  ...       Q            P
                ---              d       ...       AU           d
        ------------------ ------------- ... ------------- ------------
        433 Eros (1898 DQ) 2458133.33546 ... 1.78244263804 642.93873484

  elements_async(*, get_query_payload=False, refsystem='ICRF', refplane='ecliptic', tp_type='absolute', closest_apparition=False, no_fragments=False, get_raw_response=False, cache=True)

    Query JPL Horizons for osculating orbital elements.

    Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The `get_raw_response` keyword argument is deprecated. The `elements_async` method will return a raw response.

    The `location` parameter in `HorizonsClass` refers in this case to the center body relative to which the elements are provided.

    The following table lists the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

    Column Name | Definition
    --- | ---
    targetname | official number, name, designation (string)
    H | absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)
    G | photometric slope parameter (float)
    M1 | comet total abs mag (float, mag, `M1`)
    M2 | comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, `M2`)
    k1 | total mag scaling factor (float, `k1`)
    k2 | nuclear mag scaling factor (float, `k2`)
    phasecoeff | comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, `PHCOFF`)
    datetime_str | epoch Date (str, `Calendar Date (TDB)`)
    datetime_jd | epoch Julian Date (float, `JDTDB`)
    e | eccentricity (float, `EC`)
    q | periapsis distance (float, au, `QR`)
    a | semi-major axis (float, au, `A`)
    incl | inclination (float, deg, `IN`)
    Omega | longitude of Asc. Node (float, deg, `OM`)
    w | argument of the perifocus (float, deg, `W`)
    Tp_jd | time of periapsis (float, Julian Date, `Tp`)
    n | mean motion (float, deg/d, `N`)
    M | mean anomaly (float, deg, `MA`)
    nu | true anomaly (float, deg, `TA`)
    period | orbital period (float, (Earth) d, `PR`)
    Q | apoapsis distance (float, au, `AD`)

    Parameters:
      refsystem string

        Element reference system for geometric and astrometric quantities: `'ICRF'` or `'B1950'`; default: `'ICRF'`

      refplane string

        Reference plane for all output quantities: `'ecliptic'` (ecliptic and mean equinox of reference epoch), `'earth'` (Earth mean equator and equinox of reference epoch), or `'body'` (body mean equator and node of date); default: `'ecliptic'`

      tp_type string

        Representation for time-of-perihelion passage: `'absolute'` or `'relative'` (to epoch); default: `'absolute'`

      closest_apparition boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      no_fragments boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      get_query_payload boolean, optional

        When set to `True` the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

      get_raw_response: boolean, optional

        Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

      cache bool

        Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

    Returns:
      response `requests.Response`

        The response of the HTTP request.

    Examples

        >>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
        >>> obj = Horizons(id='433', location='500@10',
        ...                epochs=2458133.33546)
        >>> el = obj.elements()
        >>> print(el)
            targetname      datetime_jd  ...       Q            P
                ---              d       ...       AU           d
        ------------------ ------------- ... ------------- ------------
        433 Eros (1898 DQ) 2458133.33546 ... 1.78244263804 642.93873484

  ephemerides(*args, **kwargs)

    Queries the service and returns a table object.

    Query JPL Horizons for ephemerides.

    Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The `get_raw_response` keyword argument is deprecated. The `ephemerides_async` method will return a raw response.

    The `location` parameter in `HorizonsClass` refers in this case to the location of the observer.

    The following tables list the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

    Column Name | Definition
    --- | ---
    targetname | official number, name, designation (string)
    H | absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)
    G | photometric slope parameter (float)
    M1 | comet total abs mag (float, mag, `M1`)
    M2 | comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, `M2`)
    k1 | total mag scaling factor (float, `k1`)
    k2 | nuclear mag scaling factor (float, `k2`)
    phasecoeff | comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, `PHCOFF`)
    datetime_str | epoch (str, `Date__(UT)__HR:MN:SC.fff`)
    datetime_jd | epoch Julian Date (float, `Date_________JDUT`)
    solar_presence | information on Sun’s presence (str)
    flags | information on Moon, target status (str)
    RA | target RA (float, deg, `DEC_(XXX)`)
    DEC | target DEC (float, deg, `DEC_(XXX)`)
    RA_app | target apparent RA (float, deg, `R.A._(a-app)`)
    DEC_app | target apparent DEC (float, deg, `DEC_(a-app)`)
    RA_rate | target rate RA (float, arcsec/hr, `RA*cosD`)
    DEC_rate | target RA (float, arcsec/hr, `d(DEC)/dt`)
    AZ | Azimuth (float, deg, EoN, `Azi_(a-app)`)
    EL | Elevation (float, deg, `Elev_(a-app)`)
    AZ_rate | Azimuth rate (float, arcsec/minute, `dAZ*cosE`)
    EL_rate | Elevation rate (float, arcsec/minute, `d(ELV)/dt`)
    sat_X | satellite X position (arcsec, `X_(sat-prim)`)
    sat_Y | satellite Y position (arcsec, `Y_(sat-prim)`)
    sat_PANG | satellite position angle (deg, `SatPANG`)
    siderealtime | local apparent sidereal time (str, `L_Ap_Sid_Time`)
    airmass | target optical airmass (float, `a-mass`)
    magextinct | V-mag extinction (float, mag, `mag_ex`)
    V | V magnitude (float, mag, `APmag`)
    Tmag | comet Total magnitude (float, mag, `T-mag`)
    Nmag | comet Nucleaus magnitude (float, mag, `N-mag`)
    surfbright | surf brightness (float, mag/arcsec^2, `S-brt`)
    illumination | frac of illumination (float, percent, `Illu%`)
    illum_defect | Defect of illumination (float, arcsec, `Dec_illu`)
    sat_sep | Target-primary angular separation (float, arcsec, `ang-sep`)
    sat_vis | Target-primary visibility (str, `v`)
    ang_width | Angular width of target (float, arcsec, `Ang-diam`)
    PDObsLon | Apparent planetodetic longitude (float, deg, `ObsSub-LON`)
    PDObsLat | Apparent planetodetic latitude (float, deg, `ObsSub-LAT`)
    PDSunLon | Subsolar planetodetic longitude (float, deg, `SunSub-LON`)
    PDSunLat | Subsolar planetodetic latitude (float, deg, `SunSub-LAT`)
    SubSol_ang | Target sub-solar point position angle (float, deg, `SN.ang`)
    SubSol_dist | Target sub-solar point position angle distance (float, arcsec, `SN.dist`)
    NPole_ang | Target’s North Pole position angle (float, deg, `NP.ang`)
    NPole_dist | Target’s North Pole position angle distance (float, arcsec, `NP.dist`)
    EclLon | heliocentr ecl long (float, deg, `hEcl-Lon`)
    EclLat | heliocentr ecl lat (float, deg, `hEcl-Lat`)
    ObsEclLon | obscentr ecl long (float, deg, `ObsEcLon`)
    ObsEclLat | obscentr ecl lat (float, deg, `ObsEcLat`)
    r | heliocentric distance (float, au, `r`)
    r_rate | heliocentric radial rate (float, km/s, `rdot`)
    delta | distance from observer (float, au, `delta`)
    delta_rate | obs-centric rad rate (float, km/s, `deldot`)
    lighttime | one-way light time (float, min, `1-way_LT`)
    vel_sun | Target center velocity wrt Sun (float, km/s, `VmagSn`)
    vel_obs | Target center velocity wrt Observer (float, km/s, `VmagOb`)
    elong | solar elongation (float, deg, `S-O-T`)
    elongFlag | app. position relative to Sun (str, `/r`)
    alpha | solar phase angle (float, deg, `S-T-O`)
    lunar_elong | Apparent lunar elongation angle wrt target (float, deg, `T-O-M`)
    lunar_illum | Lunar illumination percentage (float, percent, `MN_Illu%`)
    IB_elong | Apparent interfering body elongation angle wrt target (float, deg, `T-O-I`)
    IB_illum | Interfering body illumination percentage (float, percent, `IB_Illu%`)
    sat_alpha | Observer-Primary-Target angle (float, deg, `O-P-T`)
    OrbPlaneAng | orbital plane angle (float, deg, `PlAng`)
    sunTargetPA | -Sun vector PA (float, deg, EoN, `PsAng`)
    velocityPA | -velocity vector PA (float, deg, EoN, `PsAMV`)
    constellation | constellation ID containing target (str, `Cnst`)
    TDB-UT | difference between TDB and UT (float, seconds, `TDB-UT`)
    NPole_RA | Target’s North Pole RA (float, deg, `N.Pole-RA`)
    NPole_DEC | Target’s North Pole DEC (float, deg, `N.Pole-DC`)
    GlxLon | galactic longitude (float, deg, `GlxLon`)
    GlxLat | galactic latitude (float, deg, `GlxLat`)
    solartime | local apparent solar time (string, `L_Ap_SOL_Time`)
    earth_lighttime | observer lighttime from center of Earth (float, minutes, `399_ins_LT`
    RA_3sigma | 3 sigma positional uncertainty in RA (float, arcsec, `RA_3sigma`)
    DEC_3sigma | 3 sigma positional uncertainty in DEC (float, arcsec, `DEC_3sigma`)
    SMAA_3sigma | 3sig pos unc error ellipse semi-major axis (float, arcsec, `SMAA_3sig`)
    SMIA_3sigma | 3sig pos unc error ellipse semi-minor axis (float, arcsec, `SMIA_3sig`)
    Theta_3sigma | pos unc error ellipse position angle (float, deg, `Theta`)
    Area_3sigma | 3sig pos unc error ellipse are (float, arcsec^2, `Area_3sig`)
    RSS_3sigma | 3sig pos unc error ellipse root-sum-square (float, arcsec, `POS_3sigma`)
    r_3sigma | 3sig range uncertainty (float, km, `RNG_3sigma`)
    r_rate_3sigma | 3sig range rate uncertainty (float, km/second, `RNGRT_3sigma`)
    SBand_3sigma | 3sig Doppler radar uncertainties at S-band (float, Hertz, `DOP_S_3sig`)
    XBand_3sigma | 3sig Doppler radar uncertainties at X-band (float, Hertz, `DOP_X_3sig`)
    DoppDelay_3sigma | 3sig Doppler radar round-trip delay unc (float, second, `RT_delay_3sig`)
    true_anom | True Anomaly (float, deg, `Tru_Anom`)
    hour_angle | local apparent hour angle (float, hour, `L_Ap_Hour_Ang`)
    alpha_true | true phase angle (float, deg, `phi`)
    PABLon | phase angle bisector longitude (float, deg, `PAB-LON`)
    PABLat | phase angle bisector latitude (float, deg, `PAB-LAT`)
    App_Lon_Sun | apparent target-centered longitude of the Sun (float, hour, `App_Lon_Sun`)
    RA_ICRF_app | airless apparent right ascension of the target in the ICRF (float, hour, `RA_(ICRF-a-app)`)
    DEC_ICRF_app | airless apparent declination of the target in the ICRF (float, deg, `DEC_(ICRF-a-app)`)
    RA_ICRF_rate_app | RA rate of change in the targets’ ICRF multiplied by the cosine of declination (float, arcsec/hour, `I_dRA*cosD`)
    DEC_ICRF_rate_app | DEC rate of change in the targets’ ICRF (float, arcsec/hour, `I_d(DEC)/dt`)
    Sky_motion | Total apparent angular rate in the plane-of- sky (float, arcsec/minute, `Sky_motion`)
    Sky_mot_PA | position angle direction of motion in the plane-of-sky (float, deg, `Sky_mot_PA`)
    RelVel-ANG | flight path angle of the target’s relative motion with respect to the observer’s line-of-sight (float, deg, `RelVel-ANG`)
    Lun_Sky_Brt | Sky brightness due to moonlight (float, mag, `Lun_Sky_Brt`)
    sky_SNR | approximate visual signal-to-noise ratio of the target’s brightness divided by lunar sky brightness (float, unitless, `sky_SNR`)

    Parameters:
      airmass_lessthan float, optional

        Defines a maximum airmass for the query, default: 99

      solar_elongation tuple, optional

        Permissible solar elongation range: (minimum, maximum); default: (0,180)

      max_hour_angle float, optional

        Defines a maximum hour angle for the query, default: 0

      rate_cutoff float, optional

        Angular range rate upper limit cutoff in arcsec/h; default: disabled

      skip_daylight boolean, optional

        Crop daylight epochs in query, default: False

      refraction boolean

        If `True`, coordinates account for a standard atmosphere refraction model; if `False`, coordinates do not account for refraction (airless model); default: `False`

      refsystem string

        Coordinate reference system: `'ICRF'` or `'B1950'`; default: `'ICRF'`

      closest_apparition boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      no_fragments boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      quantities integer or string, optional

        Single integer or comma-separated list in the form of a string corresponding to all the quantities to be queried from JPL Horizons using the coding according to the JPL Horizons User Manual Definition of Observer Table Quantities; default: all quantities

      optional_settings: dict, optional

        key-value based dictionary to inject some additional optional settings See Optional observer-table settings”; default: empty optional setting

      get_query_payload boolean, optional

        When set to `True` the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

      get_raw_response boolean, optional

        Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

      extra_precision boolean, optional

        Enables extra precision in RA and DEC values; default: False

      cache bool

        Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

      response `requests.Response`

        The response of the HTTP request.

    Returns:
      table A `Table` object.

    Examples

        >>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
        >>> obj = Horizons(id='Ceres', location='568',
        ...             epochs={'start':'2010-01-01',
        ...                     'stop':'2010-03-01',
        ...                     'step':'10d'})
        >>> eph = obj.ephemerides()
        >>> print(eph)
            targetname       datetime_str   datetime_jd ...  PABLon  PABLat
               ---               ---             d      ...   deg     deg
        ----------------- ----------------- ----------- ... -------- ------
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-01 00:00   2455197.5 ... 238.2494 4.5532
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-11 00:00   2455207.5 ... 241.3339 4.2832
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-21 00:00   2455217.5 ... 244.3394 4.0089
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-31 00:00   2455227.5 ... 247.2518 3.7289
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Feb-10 00:00   2455237.5 ... 250.0576 3.4415
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Feb-20 00:00   2455247.5 ... 252.7383 3.1451

  ephemerides_async(*, airmass_lessthan=99, solar_elongation=(0, 180), max_hour_angle=0, rate_cutoff=None, skip_daylight=False, refraction=False, refsystem='ICRF', closest_apparition=False, no_fragments=False, quantities='1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43', optional_settings=None, get_query_payload=False, get_raw_response=False, cache=True, extra_precision=False)

    Query JPL Horizons for ephemerides.

    Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The `get_raw_response` keyword argument is deprecated. The `ephemerides_async` method will return a raw response.

    The `location` parameter in `HorizonsClass` refers in this case to the location of the observer.

    The following tables list the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

    Column Name | Definition
    --- | ---
    targetname | official number, name, designation (string)
    H | absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)
    G | photometric slope parameter (float)
    M1 | comet total abs mag (float, mag, `M1`)
    M2 | comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, `M2`)
    k1 | total mag scaling factor (float, `k1`)
    k2 | nuclear mag scaling factor (float, `k2`)
    phasecoeff | comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, `PHCOFF`)
    datetime_str | epoch (str, `Date__(UT)__HR:MN:SC.fff`)
    datetime_jd | epoch Julian Date (float, `Date_________JDUT`)
    solar_presence | information on Sun’s presence (str)
    flags | information on Moon, target status (str)
    RA | target RA (float, deg, `DEC_(XXX)`)
    DEC | target DEC (float, deg, `DEC_(XXX)`)
    RA_app | target apparent RA (float, deg, `R.A._(a-app)`)
    DEC_app | target apparent DEC (float, deg, `DEC_(a-app)`)
    RA_rate | target rate RA (float, arcsec/hr, `RA*cosD`)
    DEC_rate | target RA (float, arcsec/hr, `d(DEC)/dt`)
    AZ | Azimuth (float, deg, EoN, `Azi_(a-app)`)
    EL | Elevation (float, deg, `Elev_(a-app)`)
    AZ_rate | Azimuth rate (float, arcsec/minute, `dAZ*cosE`)
    EL_rate | Elevation rate (float, arcsec/minute, `d(ELV)/dt`)
    sat_X | satellite X position (arcsec, `X_(sat-prim)`)
    sat_Y | satellite Y position (arcsec, `Y_(sat-prim)`)
    sat_PANG | satellite position angle (deg, `SatPANG`)
    siderealtime | local apparent sidereal time (str, `L_Ap_Sid_Time`)
    airmass | target optical airmass (float, `a-mass`)
    magextinct | V-mag extinction (float, mag, `mag_ex`)
    V | V magnitude (float, mag, `APmag`)
    Tmag | comet Total magnitude (float, mag, `T-mag`)
    Nmag | comet Nucleaus magnitude (float, mag, `N-mag`)
    surfbright | surf brightness (float, mag/arcsec^2, `S-brt`)
    illumination | frac of illumination (float, percent, `Illu%`)
    illum_defect | Defect of illumination (float, arcsec, `Dec_illu`)
    sat_sep | Target-primary angular separation (float, arcsec, `ang-sep`)
    sat_vis | Target-primary visibility (str, `v`)
    ang_width | Angular width of target (float, arcsec, `Ang-diam`)
    PDObsLon | Apparent planetodetic longitude (float, deg, `ObsSub-LON`)
    PDObsLat | Apparent planetodetic latitude (float, deg, `ObsSub-LAT`)
    PDSunLon | Subsolar planetodetic longitude (float, deg, `SunSub-LON`)
    PDSunLat | Subsolar planetodetic latitude (float, deg, `SunSub-LAT`)
    SubSol_ang | Target sub-solar point position angle (float, deg, `SN.ang`)
    SubSol_dist | Target sub-solar point position angle distance (float, arcsec, `SN.dist`)
    NPole_ang | Target’s North Pole position angle (float, deg, `NP.ang`)
    NPole_dist | Target’s North Pole position angle distance (float, arcsec, `NP.dist`)
    EclLon | heliocentr ecl long (float, deg, `hEcl-Lon`)
    EclLat | heliocentr ecl lat (float, deg, `hEcl-Lat`)
    ObsEclLon | obscentr ecl long (float, deg, `ObsEcLon`)
    ObsEclLat | obscentr ecl lat (float, deg, `ObsEcLat`)
    r | heliocentric distance (float, au, `r`)
    r_rate | heliocentric radial rate (float, km/s, `rdot`)
    delta | distance from observer (float, au, `delta`)
    delta_rate | obs-centric rad rate (float, km/s, `deldot`)
    lighttime | one-way light time (float, min, `1-way_LT`)
    vel_sun | Target center velocity wrt Sun (float, km/s, `VmagSn`)
    vel_obs | Target center velocity wrt Observer (float, km/s, `VmagOb`)
    elong | solar elongation (float, deg, `S-O-T`)
    elongFlag | app. position relative to Sun (str, `/r`)
    alpha | solar phase angle (float, deg, `S-T-O`)
    lunar_elong | Apparent lunar elongation angle wrt target (float, deg, `T-O-M`)
    lunar_illum | Lunar illumination percentage (float, percent, `MN_Illu%`)
    IB_elong | Apparent interfering body elongation angle wrt target (float, deg, `T-O-I`)
    IB_illum | Interfering body illumination percentage (float, percent, `IB_Illu%`)
    sat_alpha | Observer-Primary-Target angle (float, deg, `O-P-T`)
    OrbPlaneAng | orbital plane angle (float, deg, `PlAng`)
    sunTargetPA | -Sun vector PA (float, deg, EoN, `PsAng`)
    velocityPA | -velocity vector PA (float, deg, EoN, `PsAMV`)
    constellation | constellation ID containing target (str, `Cnst`)
    TDB-UT | difference between TDB and UT (float, seconds, `TDB-UT`)
    NPole_RA | Target’s North Pole RA (float, deg, `N.Pole-RA`)
    NPole_DEC | Target’s North Pole DEC (float, deg, `N.Pole-DC`)
    GlxLon | galactic longitude (float, deg, `GlxLon`)
    GlxLat | galactic latitude (float, deg, `GlxLat`)
    solartime | local apparent solar time (string, `L_Ap_SOL_Time`)
    earth_lighttime | observer lighttime from center of Earth (float, minutes, `399_ins_LT`
    RA_3sigma | 3 sigma positional uncertainty in RA (float, arcsec, `RA_3sigma`)
    DEC_3sigma | 3 sigma positional uncertainty in DEC (float, arcsec, `DEC_3sigma`)
    SMAA_3sigma | 3sig pos unc error ellipse semi-major axis (float, arcsec, `SMAA_3sig`)
    SMIA_3sigma | 3sig pos unc error ellipse semi-minor axis (float, arcsec, `SMIA_3sig`)
    Theta_3sigma | pos unc error ellipse position angle (float, deg, `Theta`)
    Area_3sigma | 3sig pos unc error ellipse are (float, arcsec^2, `Area_3sig`)
    RSS_3sigma | 3sig pos unc error ellipse root-sum-square (float, arcsec, `POS_3sigma`)
    r_3sigma | 3sig range uncertainty (float, km, `RNG_3sigma`)
    r_rate_3sigma | 3sig range rate uncertainty (float, km/second, `RNGRT_3sigma`)
    SBand_3sigma | 3sig Doppler radar uncertainties at S-band (float, Hertz, `DOP_S_3sig`)
    XBand_3sigma | 3sig Doppler radar uncertainties at X-band (float, Hertz, `DOP_X_3sig`)
    DoppDelay_3sigma | 3sig Doppler radar round-trip delay unc (float, second, `RT_delay_3sig`)
    true_anom | True Anomaly (float, deg, `Tru_Anom`)
    hour_angle | local apparent hour angle (float, hour, `L_Ap_Hour_Ang`)
    alpha_true | true phase angle (float, deg, `phi`)
    PABLon | phase angle bisector longitude (float, deg, `PAB-LON`)
    PABLat | phase angle bisector latitude (float, deg, `PAB-LAT`)
    App_Lon_Sun | apparent target-centered longitude of the Sun (float, hour, `App_Lon_Sun`)
    RA_ICRF_app | airless apparent right ascension of the target in the ICRF (float, hour, `RA_(ICRF-a-app)`)
    DEC_ICRF_app | airless apparent declination of the target in the ICRF (float, deg, `DEC_(ICRF-a-app)`)
    RA_ICRF_rate_app | RA rate of change in the targets’ ICRF multiplied by the cosine of declination (float, arcsec/hour, `I_dRA*cosD`)
    DEC_ICRF_rate_app | DEC rate of change in the targets’ ICRF (float, arcsec/hour, `I_d(DEC)/dt`)
    Sky_motion | Total apparent angular rate in the plane-of- sky (float, arcsec/minute, `Sky_motion`)
    Sky_mot_PA | position angle direction of motion in the plane-of-sky (float, deg, `Sky_mot_PA`)
    RelVel-ANG | flight path angle of the target’s relative motion with respect to the observer’s line-of-sight (float, deg, `RelVel-ANG`)
    Lun_Sky_Brt | Sky brightness due to moonlight (float, mag, `Lun_Sky_Brt`)
    sky_SNR | approximate visual signal-to-noise ratio of the target’s brightness divided by lunar sky brightness (float, unitless, `sky_SNR`)

    Parameters:
      airmass_lessthan float, optional

        Defines a maximum airmass for the query, default: 99

      solar_elongation tuple, optional

        Permissible solar elongation range: (minimum, maximum); default: (0,180)

      max_hour_angle float, optional

        Defines a maximum hour angle for the query, default: 0

      rate_cutoff float, optional

        Angular range rate upper limit cutoff in arcsec/h; default: disabled

      skip_daylight boolean, optional

        Crop daylight epochs in query, default: False

      refraction boolean

        If `True`, coordinates account for a standard atmosphere refraction model; if `False`, coordinates do not account for refraction (airless model); default: `False`

      refsystem string

        Coordinate reference system: `'ICRF'` or `'B1950'`; default: `'ICRF'`

      closest_apparition boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      no_fragments boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      quantities integer or string, optional

        Single integer or comma-separated list in the form of a string corresponding to all the quantities to be queried from JPL Horizons using the coding according to the JPL Horizons User Manual Definition of Observer Table Quantities; default: all quantities

      optional_settings: dict, optional

        key-value based dictionary to inject some additional optional settings See Optional observer-table settings”; default: empty optional setting

      get_query_payload boolean, optional

        When set to `True` the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

      get_raw_response boolean, optional

        Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

      extra_precision boolean, optional

        Enables extra precision in RA and DEC values; default: False

      cache bool

        Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

    Returns:
      response `requests.Response`

        The response of the HTTP request.

    Examples

        >>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
        >>> obj = Horizons(id='Ceres', location='568',
        ...             epochs={'start':'2010-01-01',
        ...                     'stop':'2010-03-01',
        ...                     'step':'10d'})
        >>> eph = obj.ephemerides()
        >>> print(eph)
            targetname       datetime_str   datetime_jd ...  PABLon  PABLat
               ---               ---             d      ...   deg     deg
        ----------------- ----------------- ----------- ... -------- ------
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-01 00:00   2455197.5 ... 238.2494 4.5532
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-11 00:00   2455207.5 ... 241.3339 4.2832
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-21 00:00   2455217.5 ... 244.3394 4.0089
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-31 00:00   2455227.5 ... 247.2518 3.7289
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Feb-10 00:00   2455237.5 ... 250.0576 3.4415
        1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Feb-20 00:00   2455247.5 ... 252.7383 3.1451

  vectors(*args, **kwargs)

    Queries the service and returns a table object.

    Query JPL Horizons for state vectors.

    Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The `get_raw_response` keyword argument is deprecated. The `vectors_async` method will return a raw response.

    The `location` parameter in `HorizonsClass` refers in this case to the center body relative to which the vectors are provided.

    The following table lists the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

    Column Name | Definition
    --- | ---
    targetname | official number, name, designation (string)
    H | absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)
    G | photometric slope parameter (float)
    M1 | comet total abs mag (float, mag, `M1`)
    M2 | comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, `M2`)
    k1 | total mag scaling factor (float, `k1`)
    k2 | nuclear mag scaling factor (float, `k2`)
    phasecoeff | comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, `PHCOFF`)
    datetime_str | epoch Date (str, `Calendar Date (TDB)`)
    datetime_jd | epoch Julian Date (float, `JDTDB`)
    delta_T | time-varying difference between TDB and UT (float, `delta-T`, optional)
    x | x-component of position vector (float, au, `X`)
    y | y-component of position vector (float, au, `Y`)
    z | z-component of position vector (float, au, `Z`)
    vx | x-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, `VX`)
    vy | y-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, `VY`)
    vz | z-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, `VZ`)
    lighttime | one-way lighttime (float, d, `LT`)
    range | range from coordinate center (float, au, `RG`)
    range_rate | range rate (float, au/d, `RR`)

    Parameters:
      closest_apparition boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      no_fragments boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      get_query_payload boolean, optional

        When set to `True` the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

      get_raw_response: boolean, optional

        Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

      refplane string

        Reference plane for all output quantities: `'ecliptic'` (ecliptic and mean equinox of reference epoch), `'earth'` (Earth mean equator and equinox of reference epoch), or `'body'` (body mean equator and node of date); default: `'ecliptic'`.

        See Horizons Reference Frames in the astroquery documentation for details.

      aberrations string, optional

        Aberrations to be accounted for: [`'geometric'`, `'astrometric'`, `'apparent'`]. Default: `'geometric'`

      delta_T boolean, optional

        Triggers output of time-varying difference between TDB and UT time-scales. Default: False

      cache bool

        Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

      response `requests.Response`

        The response of the HTTP request.

    Returns:
      table A `Table` object.

    Examples

        >>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
        >>> obj = Horizons(id='2012 TC4', location='257',
        ...                epochs={'start': '2017-10-01',
        ...                        'stop': '2017-10-02',
        ...                        'step': '10m'})
        >>> vec = obj.vectors()
        >>> print(vec)
        targetname  datetime_jd  ...      range          range_rate
           ---           d       ...        AU             AU / d
        ---------- ------------- ... --------------- -----------------
        (2012 TC4)     2458027.5 ... 0.0429332099306 -0.00408018711862
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.50694 ... 0.0429048742906 -0.00408040726527
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.51389 ... 0.0428765385796 -0.00408020747595
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.52083 ... 0.0428482057142  -0.0040795878561
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.52778 ...  0.042819878607 -0.00407854931543
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.53472 ... 0.0427915601617  -0.0040770935665
               ...           ... ...             ...               ...
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.45833 ... 0.0392489462501 -0.00405496595173
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.46528 ...   0.03922077771 -0.00405750632914
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.47222 ...  0.039192592935 -0.00405964084539
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.47917 ...  0.039164394759 -0.00406136516755
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.48611 ... 0.0391361860433 -0.00406267574646
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.49306 ... 0.0391079696711  -0.0040635698239
        (2012 TC4)     2458028.5 ... 0.0390797485422 -0.00406404543822
        Length = 145 rows

  vectors_async(*, get_query_payload=False, closest_apparition=False, no_fragments=False, get_raw_response=False, cache=True, refplane='ecliptic', aberrations='geometric', delta_T=False)

    Query JPL Horizons for state vectors.

    Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The `get_raw_response` keyword argument is deprecated. The `vectors_async` method will return a raw response.

    The `location` parameter in `HorizonsClass` refers in this case to the center body relative to which the vectors are provided.

    The following table lists the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

    Column Name | Definition
    --- | ---
    targetname | official number, name, designation (string)
    H | absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)
    G | photometric slope parameter (float)
    M1 | comet total abs mag (float, mag, `M1`)
    M2 | comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, `M2`)
    k1 | total mag scaling factor (float, `k1`)
    k2 | nuclear mag scaling factor (float, `k2`)
    phasecoeff | comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, `PHCOFF`)
    datetime_str | epoch Date (str, `Calendar Date (TDB)`)
    datetime_jd | epoch Julian Date (float, `JDTDB`)
    delta_T | time-varying difference between TDB and UT (float, `delta-T`, optional)
    x | x-component of position vector (float, au, `X`)
    y | y-component of position vector (float, au, `Y`)
    z | z-component of position vector (float, au, `Z`)
    vx | x-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, `VX`)
    vy | y-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, `VY`)
    vz | z-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, `VZ`)
    lighttime | one-way lighttime (float, d, `LT`)
    range | range from coordinate center (float, au, `RG`)
    range_rate | range rate (float, au/d, `RR`)

    Parameters:
      closest_apparition boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      no_fragments boolean, optional

        Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

      get_query_payload boolean, optional

        When set to `True` the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

      get_raw_response: boolean, optional

        Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

      refplane string

        Reference plane for all output quantities: `'ecliptic'` (ecliptic and mean equinox of reference epoch), `'earth'` (Earth mean equator and equinox of reference epoch), or `'body'` (body mean equator and node of date); default: `'ecliptic'`.

        See Horizons Reference Frames in the astroquery documentation for details.

      aberrations string, optional

        Aberrations to be accounted for: [`'geometric'`, `'astrometric'`, `'apparent'`]. Default: `'geometric'`

      delta_T boolean, optional

        Triggers output of time-varying difference between TDB and UT time-scales. Default: False

      cache bool

        Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

    Returns:
      response `requests.Response`

        The response of the HTTP request.

    Examples

        >>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
        >>> obj = Horizons(id='2012 TC4', location='257',
        ...                epochs={'start': '2017-10-01',
        ...                        'stop': '2017-10-02',
        ...                        'step': '10m'})
        >>> vec = obj.vectors()
        >>> print(vec)
        targetname  datetime_jd  ...      range          range_rate
           ---           d       ...        AU             AU / d
        ---------- ------------- ... --------------- -----------------
        (2012 TC4)     2458027.5 ... 0.0429332099306 -0.00408018711862
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.50694 ... 0.0429048742906 -0.00408040726527
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.51389 ... 0.0428765385796 -0.00408020747595
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.52083 ... 0.0428482057142  -0.0040795878561
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.52778 ...  0.042819878607 -0.00407854931543
        (2012 TC4) 2458027.53472 ... 0.0427915601617  -0.0040770935665
               ...           ... ...             ...               ...
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.45833 ... 0.0392489462501 -0.00405496595173
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.46528 ...   0.03922077771 -0.00405750632914
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.47222 ...  0.039192592935 -0.00405964084539
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.47917 ...  0.039164394759 -0.00406136516755
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.48611 ... 0.0391361860433 -0.00406267574646
        (2012 TC4) 2458028.49306 ... 0.0391079696711  -0.0040635698239
        (2012 TC4)     2458028.5 ... 0.0390797485422 -0.00406404543822
        Length = 145 rows