# Vim documentation: various

main help file

    *various.txt*	For Vim version 9.1.  Last change: 2025 Dec 11

    		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL	  by Bram Moolenaar

    Various commands					*various*

    1. Various commands		|various-cmds|
    2. Using Vim like less or more	|less|

    ==============================================================================

    1. Various commands					*various-cmds*

    							*CTRL-L*
    CTRL-L			Clear and redraw the screen.  The redraw may happen
    			later, after processing typeahead.

    							*:redr* *:redraw*
    :redr[aw][!]		Redraw the screen right now.  When ! is included it is
    			cleared first.
    			It can be used to redraw the screen in a script
    			or function (or a mapping if 'lazyredraw' is set).

    						*:redraws* *:redrawstatus*
    :redraws[tatus][!]	Redraw the status line of the current window.  When !
    			is included all status lines are redrawn.
    			Useful to update the status line(s) when 'statusline'
    			includes an item that doesn't cause automatic
    			updating.
    			If the command line is being edited the redraw is
    			postponed until later.

    						*:redrawt* *:redrawtabline*
    :redrawt[abline]	Redraw the tabline.  Useful to update the tabline when
    			'tabline' includes an item that doesn't trigger
    			automatic updating.

    				*E1547* *:redrawtabp* *:redrawtabpanel*
    :redrawtabp[anel]	Redraw the tabpanel  Useful to update the tabpanel
    			when 'tabpanel' includes an item that doesn't trigger
    			automatic updating.

    							*N<Del>*
    <Del>			When entering a number: Remove the last digit.
    			Note: if you like to use <BS> for this, add this
    			mapping to your .vimrc:
    				:map CTRL-V <BS>   CTRL-V <Del>
     			See |:fixdel| if your <Del> key does not do what you
    			want.

    :as[cii]	or					*ga* *:as* *:ascii*
    ga			Print the ascii value of the character under the
    			cursor in decimal, hexadecimal and octal.
    			Mnemonic: Get Ascii value.

    			For example, when the cursor is on a 'R':
    				<R>  82,  Hex 52,  Octal 122
    			When the character is a non-standard ASCII character,
    			but printable according to the 'isprint' option, the
    			non-printable version is also given.

    			When the character is larger than 127, the <M-x> form
    			is also printed.  For example:
    				<~A>  <M-^A>  129,  Hex 81,  Octal 201
    				<p>  <|~>  <M-~>  254,  Hex fe,  Octal 376
    			(where <p> is a special character)

    			The <Nul> character in a file is stored internally as
    			<NL>, but it will be shown as:
    				<^@>  0,  Hex 00,  Octal 000

    			If the character has composing characters these are
    			also shown.  The value of 'maxcombine' doesn't matter.

    			If the character can be inserted as a digraph, also
    			output the two characters that can be used to create
    			the character:
    				<ö> 246, Hex 00f6, Oct 366, Digr o:
    			This shows you can type CTRL-K o : to insert ö.

    							*g8*
    g8			Print the hex values of the bytes used in the
    			character under the cursor, assuming it is in |UTF-8|
    			encoding.  This also shows composing characters.  The
    			value of 'maxcombine' doesn't matter.
    			Example of a character with two composing characters:
    				e0 b8 81 + e0 b8 b9 + e0 b9 89

    							*8g8*
    8g8			Find an illegal UTF-8 byte sequence at or after the
    			cursor.  This works in two situations:
    			1. when 'encoding' is any 8-bit encoding
    			2. when 'encoding' is "utf-8" and 'fileencoding' is
    			   any 8-bit encoding
    			Thus it can be used when editing a file that was
    			supposed to be UTF-8 but was read as if it is an 8-bit
    			encoding because it contains illegal bytes.
    			Does not wrap around the end of the file.
    			Note that when the cursor is on an illegal byte or the
    			cursor is halfway a multibyte character the command
    			won't move the cursor.

    						*:p* *:pr* *:print* *E749*
    :[range]p[rint] [flags]
    			Print [range] lines (default current line).  Can also
    			be spelled `:[range]|` due to Vi compatibility (see
    			|:bar|).  Gives an error in an empty buffer.
    			Note: If you are looking for a way to print your text
    			on paper see |:hardcopy|.  In the GUI you can use the
    			File.Print menu entry.
    			See |ex-flags| for [flags].
    			The |:filter| command can be used to only show lines
    			matching a pattern.

    :[range]p[rint] {count} [flags]
    			Print {count} lines, starting with [range] (default
    			current line |cmdline-ranges|).
    			See |ex-flags| for [flags].

    							*:P* *:Print*
    :[range]P[rint] [count] [flags]
    			Just as ":print".  Was apparently added to Vi for
    			people that keep the shift key pressed too long...
    			This command is not supported in |Vim9| script.
    			Note: A user command can overrule this command.
    			See |ex-flags| for [flags].

    							*:l* *:list*
    :[range]l[ist] [count] [flags]
    			Same as :print, but display unprintable characters
    			with '^' and put $ after the line.  This can be
    			further changed with the 'listchars' option.
    			See |ex-flags| for [flags].

    							*:nu* *:number*
    :[range]nu[mber] [count] [flags]
    			Same as :print, but precede each line with its line
    			number.  (See also 'highlight' and 'numberwidth'
    			option).
    			See |ex-flags| for [flags].

    							*:#*
    :[range]# [count] [flags]
    			synonym for :number.

    							*:#!* *vim-shebang*
    :#!{anything}		Ignored, so that you can start a Vim script with:
    				#!vim -S
    				let mylogbook='$HOME/logbook.md'
    				exe $':e {mylogbook}'
    				$
    				put ='## ' .. strftime('%d. %b %Y')
    				norm! o

    			Make that script executable and run it to create a
    			new diary entry.

    							*:z* *E144*
    :[range]z[+-^.=][count]	Display several lines of text surrounding the line
    			specified with [range], or around the current line
    			if there is no [range].

    			If there is a [count], that's how many lines you'll
    			see; if there is no [count] and only one window then
    			twice the value of the 'scroll' option is used,
    			otherwise the current window height minus 3 is used.
    			This is the value of "scr" in the table below.

    			If there is a [count] the 'window' option is set to
    			its value.

    			:z can be used either alone or followed by any of
    			several marks.  These have the following effect:

    			mark   first line    last line      new cursor line
    			----   ----------    ---------      ------------
    			+      current line  1 scr forward  1 scr forward
    			-      1 scr back    current line   current line
    			^      2 scr back    1 scr back     1 scr back
    			.      1/2 scr back  1/2 scr fwd    1/2 scr fwd
    			=      1/2 scr back  1/2 scr fwd    current line

    			Specifying no mark at all is the same as "+".
    			If the mark is "=", a line of dashes is printed
    			around the current line.

    							*:z!*
    :[range]z![+-^.=][count]
    			Like ":z", but when [count] is not specified, it
    			defaults to the Vim window height minus one.

    :[range]z[!]#[+-^.=][count]				*:z#*
    			Like ":z" or ":z!", but number the lines.

    							*:=*
    := [flags]		Print the last line number.
    			See |ex-flags| for [flags].

    :{range}= [flags]	Prints the last line number in {range}.  For example,
    			this prints the current line number:
    				:.=
     			See |ex-flags| for [flags].

    :norm[al][!] {commands}					*:norm* *:normal*
    			Execute Normal mode commands {commands}.  This makes
    			it possible to execute Normal mode commands typed on
    			the command-line.  {commands} are executed like they
    			are typed.  For undo all commands are undone together.
    			Execution stops when an error is encountered.

    			If the [!] is given, mappings will not be used.
    			Without it, when this command is called from a
    			non-remappable mapping (|:noremap|), the argument can
    			be mapped anyway.

    			{commands} should be a complete command.  If
    			{commands} does not finish a command, the last one
    			will be aborted as if <Esc> or <C-C> was typed.
    			This implies that an insert command must be completed
    			(to start Insert mode, see |:startinsert|).  A ":"
    			command must be completed as well.  And you can't use
    			"Q" or "gQ" to start Ex mode.

    			The display is not updated while ":normal" is busy.

    			{commands} cannot start with a space.  Put a count of
    			1 (one) before it, "1 " is one space.

    			The 'insertmode' option is ignored for {commands}.

    			This command cannot be followed by another command,
    			since any '|' is considered part of the command.

    			This command can be used recursively, but the depth is
    			limited by 'maxmapdepth'.

    			An alternative is to use |:execute|, which uses an
    			expression as argument.  This allows the use of
    			printable characters to represent special characters.

    			Example:
    				:exe "normal \<c-w>\<c-w>"

    :{range}norm[al][!] {commands}				*:normal-range*
    			Execute Normal mode commands {commands} for each line
    			in the {range}.  Before executing the {commands}, the
    			cursor is positioned in the first column of the range,
    			for each line.  Otherwise it's the same as the
    			":normal" command without a range.

    							*:sh* *:shell* *E371*
    :sh[ell]		This command starts a shell.  When the shell exits
    			(after the "exit" command) you return to Vim.  The
    			name for the shell command comes from 'shell' option.

    							*E360*
    			Note: This doesn't work when Vim on the Amiga was
    			started in QuickFix mode from a compiler, because the
    			compiler will have set stdin to a non-interactive
    			mode.

    							*:!cmd* *:!*
    :!{cmd}			Execute {cmd} with the shell.  See also the 'shell'
    			and 'shelltype' option.  For the filter command, see
    			|:range!|.

    			Vim builds command line using options 'shell', 'shcf',
    			'sxq' and 'shq' in the following order:
    			`&sh &shcf &sxq &shq {cmd} &shq &sxq`
    			So setting both 'sxq' and 'shq' is possible but rarely
    			useful.  Additional escaping inside `{cmd}` may also
    			be due to 'sxe' option.

    			Also, all |cmdline-special| characters in {cmd} are
    			replaced by Vim before passing them to shell.

    							*E34*
    			Any '!' in {cmd} is replaced with the previous
    			external command (see also 'cpoptions').  But not when
    			there is a backslash before the '!', then that
    			backslash is removed.  Example: ":!ls" followed by
    			":!echo ! \! \\!" executes "echo ls ! \!".

    			A '|' in {cmd} is passed to the shell, you cannot use
    			it to append a Vim command.  See |:bar|.

    			If {cmd} contains "%" it is expanded to the current
    			file name, "#" is expanded to the alternate file name.
    			Special characters in the file name are not escaped,
    			use quotes to avoid their special meaning:
    				:!ls "%"
     			If the file name contains a "$" then single quotes
    			might work better, but this only works if the file
    			name does not contain a single quote:
    				:!ls '%'
     			This should always work, but it's more typing:
    				:exe "!ls " .. shellescape(expand("%"))
     			To get a literal "%" or "#" prepend it with a
    			backslash.  For example, to list all files starting
    			with "%":
    				:!ls \%*

    			A newline character ends {cmd}, what follows is
    			interpreted as a following ":" command.  However, if
    			there is a backslash before the newline it is removed
    			and {cmd} continues.  It doesn't matter how many
    			backslashes are before the newline, only one is
    			removed.

    			On Unix the command normally runs in a non-interactive
    			shell.  If you want an interactive shell to be used
    			(to use aliases) set 'shellcmdflag' to "-ic".
    			For Win32 also see |:!start|.

    			After the command has been executed, the timestamp and
    			size of the current file is checked |timestamp|.

    			Vim redraws the screen after the command is finished,
    			because it may have printed any text.  This requires a
    			hit-enter prompt, so that you can read any messages.
    			To avoid this use:
    				:silent !{cmd}
     			The screen is not redrawn then, thus you have to use
    			CTRL-L or ":redraw!" if the command did display
    			something.  However, this depends on what the |t_ti|
    			and |t_te| termcap entries are set to.

    			Hint: use |:terminal| command if you want to run {cmd}
    			in Vim window.  `:term ++shell ++close {cmd}` could
    			serve as close approximation to what `:!{cmd}` does.

    							*:!!*
    :!!			Repeat last ":!{cmd}".

    							*:ve* *:ver* *:version*
    :ve[rsion]		Print the version number of the editor.  If the
    			compiler used understands "__DATE__" the compilation
    			date is mentioned.  Otherwise a fixed release-date is
    			shown.
    			The following lines contain information about which
    			features were enabled when Vim was compiled.  When
    			there is a preceding '+', the feature is included,
    			when there is a '-' it is excluded.  To change this,
    			you have to edit feature.h and recompile Vim.
    			To check for this in an expression, see |has()|.
    			Here is an overview of the features.
    			The first column shows the smallest version in which
    			they are included:
    			   T	tiny (always)
    			   N	normal
    			   H	huge
    			   m	manually enabled or depends on other features
    			   -    never, feature was removed
    			 (none) system dependent
    			Thus if a feature is marked with "N", it is included
    			in the normal and huge versions of Vim.

    							*+feature-list*

       *+acl*		|ACL| support included

       *+ARP*		Amiga only: ARP support included

    H  *+arabic*		|Arabic| language support

    N  *+autochdir*		support 'autochdir' option

    T  *+autocmd*		|:autocmd|, automatic commands.  Always enabled since
    			8.0.1564

    H  *+autoservername*	Automatically enable |clientserver|

    m  *+balloon_eval*	|balloon-eval| support in the GUI. Included when
    			compiling with supported GUI (Motif, GTK, GUI) and
    			either Netbeans/Sun Workshop integration or |+eval|
    			feature.

    H  *+balloon_eval_term*	|balloon-eval| support in the terminal,
    			'balloonevalterm'

    N  *+browse*		|:browse| command

    T  *++builtin_terms*	maximal terminals builtin |builtin-terms| Always
    			enabled since 9.0.0280

    N  *+byte_offset*	support for 'o' flag in 'statusline' option, "go"
    			and ":goto" commands.

    m  *+channel*		inter process communication |channel|

    T  *+cindent*		'cindent', C indenting; Always enabled

    N  *+clientserver*	Unix and Win32: Remote invocation |clientserver|

       *+clipboard*		|clipboard| support compiled-in

       *+clipboard_working*	|clipboard| support compiled-in and working

       *+clipboard_provider*  |clipboard-providers| support compiled-in

    T  *+cmdline_compl*	command line completion |cmdline-completion|

    T  *+cmdline_hist*	command line history |cmdline-history|

    T  *+cmdline_info*	'showcmd' and 'ruler'; Always enabled since
    			9.0.0747

    T  *+cmdwin*		|cmdline-window| support; Always enabled since 9.0.0657

    T  *+comments*		'comments' support

    N  *+conceal*		"conceal" support, see |conceal| |:syn-conceal| etc.

    N  *+cryptv*		encryption support |encryption|

    H  *+cscope*		|cscope| support

    T  *+cursorbind*	'cursorbind' support

    m  *+cursorshape*	|termcap-cursor-shape| support

    m  *+debug*		Compiled for debugging.

    N  *+dialog_gui*	Support for |:confirm| with GUI dialog.

    N  *+dialog_con*	Support for |:confirm| with console dialog.

    N  *+dialog_con_gui*	Support for |:confirm| with GUI and console dialog.

    N  *+diff*		|vimdiff| and 'diff'

    N  *+digraphs*		|digraphs| *E196*

       *+directx*		Win32 GUI only: DirectX and 'renderoptions'

       *+dnd*		Support for DnD into the "~ register |quote_~|.

    H  *+emacs_tags*	|emacs-tags| files

    N  *+eval*		expression evaluation |eval.txt|

    T  *+ex_extra*		always on now, used to be for Vim's extra Ex commands

    N  *+extra_search*	'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options.

    -  *+farsi*		Removed: |farsi| language

    T  *+file_in_path*	|gf|, |CTRL-W_f| and |<cfile>|  Always enabled since
    			9.0.265

    N  *+find_in_path*	include file searches: |[I|, |:isearch|,
    			|CTRL-W_CTRL-I|, |:checkpath|, etc.

    N  *+folding*		|folding|

       *+footer*		|gui-footer|

       *+fork*		Unix only: |fork| shell commands

    T  *+float*		Floating point support  Always enabled since 9.0.0491

    N  *+gettext*		message translations |multi-lang|

    -  *+GUI_Athena*	Unix only: Athena |GUI|

       *+GUI_neXtaw*	Unix only: neXtaw |GUI|

       *+GUI_GTK*		Unix only: GTK+ |GUI|

       *+GUI_Motif*		Unix only: Motif |GUI|

       *+GUI_Photon*	QNX only:  Photon |GUI|

    m  *+hangul_input*	Hangul input support |hangul|

       *+iconv*		Compiled with the |iconv()| function

       *+iconv/dyn*		Likewise |iconv-dynamic| |/dyn|

    T  *+insert_expand*	|insert_expand| Insert mode completion

    m  *+ipv6*		Support for IPv6 networking |channel|

    m  *+job*		starting and stopping jobs |job|

    T  *+jumplist*		|jumplist|; Always enabled since 8.2.3795

    H  *+keymap*		'keymap'

    N  *+lambda*		|lambda| and |closure|

    H  *+langmap*		'langmap'

    N  *+libcall*		|libcall()|

    N  *+linebreak*		'linebreak', 'breakat' and 'showbreak'

    T  *+lispindent*	'lisp'

    T  *+listcmds*		Vim commands for the list of buffers |buffer-hidden|
    			and argument list |:argdelete|

    T  *+localmap*		Support for mappings local to a buffer |:map-local|

    m  *+lua*		|Lua| interface

    m  *+lua/dyn*		|Lua| interface |/dyn|

    N  *+menu*		|:menu|

    N  *+mksession*		|:mksession|

    T  *+modify_fname*	|filename-modifiers|

    T  *+mouse*		Mouse handling |mouse-using|

    N  *+mouseshape*	'mouseshape'

    N  *+mouse_dec*		Unix only: Dec terminal mouse handling |dec-mouse|

    N  *+mouse_gpm*		Unix only: Linux console mouse handling |gpm-mouse|

    m  *+mouse_gpm/dyn*	Same as |+mouse_gpm| with optional library dependency
    			|/dyn|

    N  *+mouse_jsbterm*	JSB mouse handling |jsbterm-mouse|

    N  *+mouse_netterm*	Unix only: netterm mouse handling |netterm-mouse|

    N  *+mouse_pterm*	QNX only: pterm mouse handling |qnx-terminal|
    N  *+mouse_sysmouse*	Unix only: *BSD console mouse handling |sysmouse|

    N  *+mouse_sgr*		Unix only: sgr mouse handling |sgr-mouse|

    N  *+mouse_urxvt*	Unix only: urxvt mouse handling |urxvt-mouse|

    N  *+mouse_xterm*	Unix only: xterm mouse handling |xterm-mouse|

    T  *+multi_byte*	Unicode support, 16 and 32 bit characters |multibyte|

       *+multi_byte_ime*	Win32 input method for multibyte chars |multibyte-ime|

    N  *+multi_lang*	non-English language support |multi-lang|

    m  *+mzscheme*		Mzscheme interface |mzscheme|

    m  *+mzscheme/dyn*	Mzscheme interface |mzscheme-dynamic| |/dyn|

    m  *+netbeans_intg*	|netbeans|

    T  *+num64*		64-bit Number support |Number|
    			Always enabled since 8.2.0271, use v:numbersize to
    			check the actual size of a Number.

    m  *+ole*		Win32 GUI only: |ole-interface|

    N  *+packages*		Loading |packages|

    T  *+path_extra*	Up/downwards search in 'path' and 'tags'  Always
    			enabled since 9.0.0270

    m  *+perl*		Perl interface |perl|

    m  *+perl/dyn*		Perl interface |perl-dynamic| |/dyn|

    N  *+persistent_undo*	Persistent undo |undo-persistence|

    N  *+popupwin*		Popup windows |popup-window|

       *+postscript*	|:hardcopy| writes a PostScript file

    N  *+printer*		|:hardcopy| command

    H  *+profile*		|:profile| command

    m  *+python*		Python 2 interface |python|

    m  *+python/dyn*	Python 2 interface |python-dynamic| |/dyn|

    m  *+python3*		Python 3 interface |python|

    m  *+python3/dyn*	Python 3 interface |python-dynamic| |/dyn|

    m  *+python3/dyn-stable*
    			Python 3 interface |python-dynamic| |python-stable|
    			|/dyn|

    N  *+quickfix*		|:make| and |quickfix| commands

    N  *+reltime*		|reltime()| function, 'hlsearch'/'incsearch' timeout,
    			'redrawtime' option

    H  *+rightleft*		Right to left typing 'rightleft'

    m  *+ruby*		Ruby interface |ruby|

    m  *+ruby/dyn*		Ruby interface |ruby-dynamic| |/dyn|

    T  *+scrollbind*	'scrollbind'

    N  *+signs*		|:sign|

    T  *+smartindent*	'smartindent'

    N  *+socketserver*	Unix only: socket server backend for clientserver
    			functionality

    H  *+sodium*		compiled with libsodium for better encryption support

    H  *+sound*		|sound_playevent()|, |sound_playfile()| functions, etc.

    N  *+spell*		spell checking support, see |spell|

    N  *+startuptime*	|--startuptime| argument

    N  *+statusline*	Options 'statusline', 'rulerformat' and special
    			formats of 'titlestring' and 'iconstring'

    -  *+sun_workshop*	Removed: |workshop|

    N  *+syntax*		Syntax highlighting |syntax|

       *+system()*		Unix only: opposite of |+fork|

    H  *+tabpanel*		Support for |tabpanel|

    T  *+tag_binary*	binary searching in tags file |tag-binary-search|

    -  *+tag_old_static*	Removed; method for static tags |tag-old-static|

    -  *+tag_any_white*	Removed; was to allow any white space in tags files

    m  *+tcl*		Tcl interface |tcl|

    m  *+tcl/dyn*		Tcl interface |tcl-dynamic| |/dyn|

    m  *+terminal*		Support for terminal window |terminal|

       *+terminfo*		uses |terminfo| instead of termcap

    N  *+termresponse*	support for |t_RV| and |v:termresponse|

    N  *+termguicolors*	24-bit color in xterm-compatible terminals support

    T  *+textobjects*	|text-objects| selection. Always enabled since 9.0.0222.

    N  *+textprop*		|text-properties|

       *+tgetent*		non-Unix only: able to use external termcap

    N  *+timers*		the |timer_start()| function

    T  *+title*		Setting the window 'title' and 'icon'; Always enabled

    N  *+toolbar*		|gui-toolbar|

    T  *+user_commands*	User-defined commands. |user-commands|
    			Always enabled since 8.1.1210.

    H  *+vartabs*		Variable-width tab stops. 'vartabstop'

    T  *+vertsplit*		Vertically split windows |:vsplit|; Always enabled
    			since 8.0.1118.

    T  *+vim9script*	|Vim9| script

    N  *+viminfo*		'viminfo'

    T  *+virtualedit*	'virtualedit' Always enabled since 8.1.826.

    T  *+visual*		Visual mode |Visual-mode| Always enabled since 7.4.200.

    T  *+visualextra*	extra Visual mode commands |blockwise-operators|

    T  *+vreplace*		|gR| and |gr|

       *+vtp*		on MS-Windows console: support for 'termguicolors'

    N  *+wayland*		Unix only: support for the Wayland protocol.

    N  *+wayland_clipboard*	Unix only: support for Wayland selections/clipboard.

    N  *+wayland_focus_steal*
    			Unix only: support for Wayland clipboard on
    			compositors without a data control protocol

    T  *+wildignore*	'wildignore'  Always enabled since 9.0.0278

    T  *+wildmenu*		'wildmenu'  Always enabled since 9.0.0279

    T  *+windows*		more than one window; Always enabled since 8.0.1118.

    m  *+writebackup*	'writebackup' is default on

    m  *+xim*		X input method |xim|

       *+xfontset*		X fontset support |xfontset|

    N  *+xattr*		compiled with extended attribute support (Linux only)

       *+xpm*		pixmap support

    m  *+xpm_w32*		Win32 GUI only: pixmap support |w32-xpm-support|

       *+xsmp*		XSMP (X session management) support

       *+xsmp_interact*	interactive XSMP (X session management) support

    N  *+xterm_clipboard*	Unix only: xterm clipboard handling

    m  *+xterm_save*	save and restore xterm screen |xterm-screens|

    N  *+X11*		Unix only: can restore window title |X11|

    							*/dyn* *E370* *E448*
    			To some of the features "/dyn" is added when the
    			feature is only available when the related library can
    			be dynamically loaded.

    :ve[rsion] {nr}		Is now ignored.  This was previously used to check the
    			version number of a .vimrc file.  It was removed,
    			because you can now use the ":if" command for
    			version-dependent behavior.

    							*:redi* *:redir*
    :redi[r][!] > {file}	Redirect messages to file {file}.  The messages which
    			are the output of commands are written to that file,
    			until redirection ends.  The messages are also still
    			shown on the screen.  When [!] is included, an
    			existing file is overwritten.  When [!] is omitted,
    			and {file} exists, this command fails.

    			Only one ":redir" can be active at a time.  Calls to
    			":redir" will close any active redirection before
    			starting redirection to the new target.  For recursive
    			use check out |execute()|.

    			To stop the messages and commands from being echoed to
    			the screen, put the commands in a function and call it
    			with ":silent call Function()".
    			An alternative is to use the 'verbosefile' option,
    			this can be used in combination with ":redir".

    :redi[r] >> {file}	Redirect messages to file {file}.  Append if {file}
    			already exists.

    :redi[r] @{a-zA-Z}
    :redi[r] @{a-zA-Z}>	Redirect messages to register {a-z}.  Append to the
    			contents of the register if its name is given
    			uppercase {A-Z}.  The ">" after the register name is
    			optional.
    :redi[r] @{a-z}>>	Append messages to register {a-z}.

    :redi[r] @*>
    :redi[r] @+>		Redirect messages to the selection or clipboard.  For
    			backward compatibility, the ">" after the register
    			name can be omitted.  See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|.
    :redi[r] @*>>
    :redi[r] @+>>		Append messages to the selection or clipboard.

    :redi[r] @">		Redirect messages to the unnamed register.  For
    			backward compatibility, the ">" after the register
    			name can be omitted.
    :redi[r] @">>		Append messages to the unnamed register.

    							*E1092*
    :redi[r] => {var}	Redirect messages to a variable.
    			In legacy script: If the variable doesn't exist, then
    			it is created.  If the variable exists, then it is
    			initialized to an empty string.  After the redirection
    			starts, if the variable is removed or locked or the
    			variable type is changed, then further command output
    			messages will cause errors.  When using a local
    			variable (l:var in a function or s:var in a script)
    			and another `:redir` causes the current one to end,
    			the scope might be different and the assignment fails.
    			In Vim9 script: the variable must have been declared
    			as a string.
    			The variable will remain empty until redirection ends.
    			Only string variables can be used.
    			To get the output of one command the |execute()|
    			function can be used instead of redirection.

    :redi[r] =>> {var}	Append messages to an existing variable.  Only string
    			variables can be used.

    								 *E1185*
    :redi[r] END		End redirecting messages.

    							*:filt* *:filter*
    :filt[er][!] {pattern} {command}
    :filt[er][!] /{pattern}/ {command}
    			Restrict the output of {command} to lines matching
    			with {pattern}.  For example, to list only xml files:
    				:filter /\.xml$/ oldfiles
     			If the [!] is given, restrict the output of {command}
    			to lines that do NOT match {pattern}.

    			{pattern} is a Vim search pattern.  Instead of
    			enclosing it in / any non-ID character (see 'isident')
    			can be used, so long as it does not appear in
    			{pattern}.
    			Without the enclosing character the pattern cannot
    			include the bar character.  'ignorecase' is not used.

    			The pattern is matched against the relevant part of
    			the output, not necessarily the whole line.  Only some
    			commands support filtering, try it out to check if it
    			works.  Some of the commands that support filtering:
    			   |:#|          - filter whole line
    			   |:clist|      - filter by file name or module name
    			   |:command|    - filter by command name
    			   |:files|      - filter by file name
    			   |:highlight|  - filter by highlight group
    			   |:history|    - filter by history commands
    			   |:jumps|      - filter by file name
    			   |:let|        - filter by variable name
    			   |:list|       - filter whole line
    			   |:llist|      - filter by file name or module name
    			   |:marks|      - filter by text in the current file,
    					   or file name for other files
    			   |:oldfiles|   - filter by file name
    			   |:registers|  - filter by register contents
    					   (does not work multi-line)
    			   |:set|        - filter by option name

    			Only normal messages are filtered, error messages are
    			not.

    						*:sil* *:silent* *:silent!*
    :sil[ent][!] {command}	Execute {command} silently.  Normal messages will not
    			be given or added to the message history.
    			When [!] is added, error messages will also be
    			skipped, and commands and mappings will not be aborted
    			when an error is detected.  |v:errmsg| is still set.
    			When [!] is not used, an error message will cause
    			further messages to be displayed normally.
    			Redirection, started with |:redir|, will continue as
    			usual, although there might be small differences.
    			This will allow redirecting the output of a command
    			without seeing it on the screen.  Example:
    			    :redir >/tmp/foobar
    			    :silent g/Aap/p
    			    :redir END
     			To execute a Normal mode command silently, use the
    			|:normal| command.  For example, to search for a
    			string without messages:
    			    :silent exe "normal /path\<CR>"
     			":silent!" is useful to execute a command that may
    			fail, but the failure is to be ignored.  Example:
    			    :let v:errmsg = ""
    			    :silent! /^begin
    			    :if v:errmsg != ""
    			    : ... pattern was not found
     			":silent" will also avoid the hit-enter prompt.  When
    			using this for an external command, this may cause the
    			screen to be messed up.  Use |CTRL-L| to clean it up
    			then.
    			":silent menu ..." defines a menu that will not echo a
    			Command-line command.  The command will still produce
    			messages though.  Use ":silent" in the command itself
    			to avoid that: ":silent menu .... :silent command".

    						*:uns* *:unsilent*
    :uns[ilent] {command}	Execute {command} not silently.  Only makes a
    			difference when |:silent| was used to get to this
    			command.
    			Use this for giving a message even when |:silent| was
    			used.  In this example |:silent| is used to avoid the
    			message about reading the file and |:unsilent| to be
    			able to list the first line of each file.
    		:silent argdo unsilent echo expand('%') .. ": " .. getline(1)

    						*:verb* *:verbose*
    :[count]verb[ose] {command}
    			Execute {command} with 'verbose' set to [count].  If
    			[count] is omitted one is used.  ":0verbose" can be
    			used to set 'verbose' to zero.
    			The additional use of ":silent" makes messages
    			generated but not displayed.
    			The combination of ":silent" and ":verbose" can be
    			used to generate messages and check them with
    			|v:statusmsg| and friends.  For example:
    				:let v:statusmsg = ""
    				:silent verbose runtime foobar.vim
    				:if v:statusmsg != ""
    				:  " foobar.vim could not be found
    				:endif
     			When concatenating another command, the ":verbose"
    			only applies to the first one:
    				:4verbose set verbose | set verbose
     				  verbose=4
    				  verbose=0
    			For logging verbose messages in a file use the
    			'verbosefile' option.

    							*:verbose-cmd*
    When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing the value of a Vim option or a key map or
    an abbreviation or a user-defined function or a command or a highlight group
    or an autocommand will also display where it was last defined.  If it was
    defined manually then there will be no "Last set" message.  When it was
    defined while executing a function, user command or autocommand, the script in
    which it was defined is reported.
    {not available when compiled without the |+eval| feature}

    							*K*
    K			Run a program to lookup the keyword under the
    			cursor.  The name of the program is given with the
    			'keywordprg' (kp) option (default is "man").  The
    			keyword is formed of letters, numbers and the
    			characters in 'iskeyword'.  The keyword under or
    			right of the cursor is used.  The same can be done
    			with the command
    				:!{program} {keyword}
     			There is an example of a program to use in the tools
    			directory of Vim.  It is called "ref" and does a
    			simple spelling check.
    			Special cases:
    			- If 'keywordprg' begins with ":" it is invoked as
    			  a Vim Ex command with [count].
    			- If 'keywordprg' is empty, the ":help" command is
    			  used.  It's a good idea to include more characters
    			  in 'iskeyword' then, to be able to find more help.
    			- When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man" or starts with
    			  ":", a [count] before "K" is inserted after
    			  keywordprg and before the keyword.  For example,
    			  using "2K" while the cursor is on "mkdir", results
    			  in:
    				!man 2 mkdir
     			- When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man -s", a count
    			  before "K" is inserted after the "-s".  If there is
    			  no count, the "-s" is removed.

    							*v_K*
    {Visual}K		Like "K", but use the visually highlighted text for
    			the keyword.  Only works when the highlighted text is
    			not more than one line.

    [N]gs							*gs* *:sl* *:sleep*
    :[N]sl[eep] [N][m]	Do nothing for [N] seconds.  When [m] is included,
    			sleep for [N] milliseconds.  The count for "gs" always
    			uses seconds.  The default is one second.
    			     :sleep	     "sleep for one second
    			     :5sleep	     "sleep for five seconds
    			     :sleep 100m     "sleep for 100 milliseconds
    			     10gs	     "sleep for ten seconds
     			Can be interrupted with CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on
    			MS-Windows).  "gs" stands for "goto sleep".
    			While sleeping the cursor is positioned in the text,
    			if at a visible position.
    			Queued messages and timers (|+timers|) are processed
    			during the sleep as well.

    							*:sl!* *:sleep!*
    :[N]sl[eep]! [N][m]	Same as above, but hide the cursor.

    							*:xrestore* *:xr*
    :xr[estore] [display]	Reinitializes the connection to the X11 server.
    			Useful after the X server restarts, e.g. when running
    			Vim for long time inside screen/tmux and connecting
    			from different machines.
    			[display] should be in the format of the $DISPLAY
    			environment variable (e.g. "localhost:10.0")
    			If [display] is	omitted, then it reinitializes the
    			connection to the X11 server using the same value as
    			was used for the previous execution of this command.
    			If the value was never specified, then it uses the
    			value of $DISPLAY environment variable as it was when
    			Vim was started.  This will also update |v:clipmethod|.
    			{only available when compiled with the
    			|+xterm_clipboard| feature}

    							*:clipreset* *:clip*
    :clip[reset]		Attempts to choose a new method for accessing the
    			clipboard, using the 'clipmethod' option.  This is
    			useful when the current method has become unavailable,
    			and you want to try using another method.
    			{only available when compiled with the |+clipboard|
    			feature}

    							*g_CTRL-A*
    g CTRL-A		Only when Vim was compiled with MEM_PROFILING defined
    			(which is very rare): print memory usage statistics.
    			Only useful for debugging Vim.
    			For incrementing in Visual mode see |v_g_CTRL-A|.

    ==============================================================================

    2. Using Vim like less or more					*less*

    If you use the less or more program to view a file, you don't get syntax
    highlighting.  Thus you would like to use Vim instead.  You can do this by
    using the shell script "$VIMRUNTIME/macros/less.sh".

    This shell script uses the Vim script "$VIMRUNTIME/macros/less.vim".  It sets
    up mappings to simulate the commands that less supports.  Otherwise, you can
    still use the Vim commands.

    This isn't perfect.  For example, when viewing a short file Vim will still use
    the whole screen.  But it works well enough for most uses, and you get syntax
    highlighting.

    The "h" key will give you a short overview of the available commands.

    If you want to set options differently when using less, define the
    LessInitFunc in your vimrc, for example:

    	func LessInitFunc()
    	  set nocursorcolumn nocursorline
    	endfunc

    top - main help file