# `webob.request` -- Request

## Request

class webob.request.Request(environ, charset=None, unicode_errors=None, decode_param_names=None, **kw)

  The default request implementation

class webob.request.BaseRequest(environ, charset=None, unicode_errors=None, decode_param_names=None, **kw)
  property body_file

    Input stream of the request (wsgi.input). Setting this property resets the content_length and seekable flag (unlike setting req.body_file_raw).

  property body_file_raw

    Gets and sets the `wsgi.input` key in the environment.

  property body_file_seekable

    Get the body of the request (wsgi.input) as a seekable file-like object. Middleware and routing applications should use this attribute over .body_file.

    If you access this value, CONTENT_LENGTH will also be updated.

  property url_encoding

    Gets and sets the `webob.url_encoding` key in the environment.

  property scheme

    Gets and sets the `wsgi.url_scheme` key in the environment.

  property method

    Gets and sets the `REQUEST_METHOD` key in the environment.

  property http_version

    Gets and sets the `SERVER_PROTOCOL` key in the environment.

  property content_length

    Gets and sets the `Content-Length` header (HTTP spec section 14.13). Converts it using int.

  property remote_user

    Gets and sets the `REMOTE_USER` key in the environment.

  property remote_host

    Gets and sets the `REMOTE_HOST` key in the environment.

  property remote_addr

    Gets and sets the `REMOTE_ADDR` key in the environment.

  property query_string

    Gets and sets the `QUERY_STRING` key in the environment.

  property server_name

    Gets and sets the `SERVER_NAME` key in the environment.

  property server_port

    Gets and sets the `SERVER_PORT` key in the environment. Converts it using int.

  property script_name

    Gets and sets the `SCRIPT_NAME` key in the environment.

  property path_info

    Gets and sets the `PATH_INFO` key in the environment.

  property uscript_name

    Gets and sets the `SCRIPT_NAME` key in the environment.

  property upath_info

    Gets and sets the `PATH_INFO` key in the environment.

  property content_type

    Return the content type, but leaving off any parameters (like charset, but also things like the type in `application/atom+xml; type=entry`)

    If you set this property, you can include parameters, or if you don't include any parameters in the value then existing parameters will be preserved.

  property headers

    All the request headers as a case-insensitive dictionary-like object.

  property client_addr

    The effective client IP address as a string. If the `HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR` header exists in the WSGI environ, this attribute returns the client IP address present in that header (e.g. if the header value is `192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2`, the value will be `192.168.1.1`). If no `HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR` header is present in the environ at all, this attribute will return the value of the `REMOTE_ADDR` header. If the `REMOTE_ADDR` header is unset, this attribute will return the value `None`.

    Warning

    It is possible for user agents to put someone else's IP or just any string in `HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR` as it is a normal HTTP header. Forward proxies can also provide incorrect values (private IP addresses etc). You cannot "blindly" trust the result of this method to provide you with valid data unless you're certain that `HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR` has the correct values. The WSGI server must be behind a trusted proxy for this to be true.

  property host_port

    The effective server port number as a string. If the `HTTP_HOST` header exists in the WSGI environ, this attribute returns the port number present in that header. If the `HTTP_HOST` header exists but contains no explicit port number: if the WSGI url scheme is "https" , this attribute returns "443", if the WSGI url scheme is "http", this attribute returns "80" . If no `HTTP_HOST` header is present in the environ at all, this attribute will return the value of the `SERVER_PORT` header (which is guaranteed to be present).

  property host_url

    The URL through the host (no path)

  property application_url

    The URL including SCRIPT_NAME (no PATH_INFO or query string)

  property path_url

    The URL including SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO, but not QUERY_STRING

  property path

    The path of the request, without host or query string

  property path_qs

    The path of the request, without host but with query string

  property url

    The full request URL, including QUERY_STRING

  relative_url(other_url, to_application=False)

    Resolve other_url relative to the request URL.

    If `to_application` is True, then resolve it relative to the URL with only SCRIPT_NAME

  path_info_pop(pattern=None)

    'Pops' off the next segment of PATH_INFO, pushing it onto SCRIPT_NAME, and returning the popped segment. Returns None if there is nothing left on PATH_INFO.

    Does not return `''` when there's an empty segment (like `/path//path`); these segments are just ignored.

    Optional `pattern` argument is a regexp to match the return value before returning. If there is no match, no changes are made to the request and None is returned.

  path_info_peek()

    Returns the next segment on PATH_INFO, or None if there is no next segment. Doesn't modify the environment.

  property urlvars

    Return any named variables matched in the URL.

    Takes values from `environ['wsgiorg.routing_args']`. Systems like `routes` set this value.

  property urlargs

    Return any positional variables matched in the URL.

    Takes values from `environ['wsgiorg.routing_args']`. Systems like `routes` set this value.

  property is_xhr

    Is X-Requested-With header present and equal to `XMLHttpRequest`?

    Note: this isn't set by every XMLHttpRequest request, it is only set if you are using a Javascript library that sets it (or you set the header yourself manually). Currently Prototype and jQuery are known to set this header.

  property host

    Host name provided in HTTP_HOST, with fall-back to SERVER_NAME

  property domain

    Returns the domain portion of the host value. Equivalent to:

        domain = request.host
        if ':' in domain and domain[-1] != ']': # Check for ] because of IPv6
            domain = domain.rsplit(':', 1)[0]

    This will be equivalent to the domain portion of the `HTTP_HOST` value in the environment if it exists, or the `SERVER_NAME` value in the environment if it doesn't. For example, if the environment contains an `HTTP_HOST` value of `foo.example.com:8000`, `request.domain` will return `foo.example.com`.

    Note that this value cannot be set on the request. To set the host value use `webob.request.Request.host()` instead.

  property body

    Return the content of the request body.

  property json

    Access the body of the request as JSON

  property json_body

    Access the body of the request as JSON

  property text

    Get/set the text value of the body

  property POST

    Return a MultiDict containing all the variables from a form request. Returns an empty dict-like object for non-form requests.

    Form requests are typically POST requests, however any other requests with an appropriate Content-Type are also supported.

  property GET

    Return a MultiDict containing all the variables from the QUERY_STRING.

  property params

    A dictionary-like object containing both the parameters from the query string and request body.

  property cookies

    Return a dictionary of cookies as found in the request.

  copy()

    Copy the request and environment object.

    This only does a shallow copy, except of wsgi.input

  copy_get()

    Copies the request and environment object, but turning this request into a GET along the way. If this was a POST request (or any other verb) then it becomes GET, and the request body is thrown away.

  property is_body_seekable

    Gets and sets the `webob.is_body_seekable` key in the environment.

  property is_body_readable

    webob.is_body_readable is a flag that tells us that we can read the input stream even though CONTENT_LENGTH is missing.

  make_body_seekable()

    This forces `environ['wsgi.input']` to be seekable. That means that, the content is copied into a BytesIO or temporary file and flagged as seekable, so that it will not be unnecessarily copied again.

    After calling this method the .body_file is always seeked to the start of file and .content_length is not None.

    The choice to copy to BytesIO is made from `self.request_body_tempfile_limit`

  copy_body()

    Copies the body, in cases where it might be shared with another request object and that is not desired.

    This copies the body either into a BytesIO object (through setting req.body) or a temporary file.

  make_tempfile()

    Create a tempfile to store big request body. This API is not stable yet. A 'size' argument might be added.

  remove_conditional_headers(remove_encoding=True, remove_range=True, remove_match=True, remove_modified=True)

    Remove headers that make the request conditional.

    These headers can cause the response to be 304 Not Modified, which in some cases you may not want to be possible.

    This does not remove headers like If-Match, which are used for conflict detection.

  property accept

    Property representing the `Accept` header.

    (RFC 7231, section 5.3.2)

    The header value in the request environ is parsed and a new object representing the header is created every time we get the value of the property. (set and del change the header value in the request environ, and do not involve parsing.)

  property accept_charset

    Property representing the `Accept-Charset` header.

    (RFC 7231, section 5.3.3)

    The header value in the request environ is parsed and a new object representing the header is created every time we get the value of the property. (set and del change the header value in the request environ, and do not involve parsing.)

  property accept_encoding

    Property representing the `Accept-Encoding` header.

    (RFC 7231, section 5.3.4)

    The header value in the request environ is parsed and a new object representing the header is created every time we get the value of the property. (set and del change the header value in the request environ, and do not involve parsing.)

  property accept_language

    Property representing the `Accept-Language` header.

    (RFC 7231, section 5.3.5)

    The header value in the request environ is parsed and a new object representing the header is created every time we get the value of the property. (set and del change the header value in the request environ, and do not involve parsing.)

  property authorization

    Gets and sets the `Authorization` header (HTTP spec section 14.8). Converts it using `parse_auth` and `serialize_auth`.

  property cache_control

    Get/set/modify the Cache-Control header (HTTP spec section 14.9)

  property if_match

    Gets and sets the `If-Match` header (HTTP spec section 14.24). Converts it as a Etag.

  property if_none_match

    Gets and sets the `If-None-Match` header (HTTP spec section 14.26). Converts it as a Etag.

  property date

    Gets and sets the `Date` header (HTTP spec section 14.8). Converts it using HTTP date.

  property if_modified_since

    Gets and sets the `If-Modified-Since` header (HTTP spec section 14.25). Converts it using HTTP date.

  property if_unmodified_since

    Gets and sets the `If-Unmodified-Since` header (HTTP spec section 14.28). Converts it using HTTP date.

  property if_range

    Gets and sets the `If-Range` header (HTTP spec section 14.27). Converts it using IfRange object.

  property max_forwards

    Gets and sets the `Max-Forwards` header (HTTP spec section 14.31). Converts it using int.

  property pragma

    Gets and sets the `Pragma` header (HTTP spec section 14.32).

  property range

    Gets and sets the `Range` header (HTTP spec section 14.35). Converts it using Range object.

  property referer

    Gets and sets the `Referer` header (HTTP spec section 14.36).

  property referrer

    Gets and sets the `Referer` header (HTTP spec section 14.36).

  property user_agent

    Gets and sets the `User-Agent` header (HTTP spec section 14.43).

  as_bytes(skip_body=False)

    Return HTTP bytes representing this request. If skip_body is True, exclude the body. If skip_body is an integer larger than one, skip body only if its length is bigger than that number.

  classmethod from_bytes(b)

    Create a request from HTTP bytes data. If the bytes contain extra data after the request, raise a ValueError.

  classmethod from_file(fp)

    Read a request from a file-like object (it must implement `.read(size)` and `.readline()`).

    It will read up to the end of the request, not the end of the file (unless the request is a POST or PUT and has no Content-Length, in that case, the entire file is read).

    This reads the request as represented by `str(req)`; it may not read every valid HTTP request properly.

  call_application(application, catch_exc_info=False)

    Call the given WSGI application, returning `(status_string, headerlist, app_iter)`

    Be sure to call `app_iter.close()` if it's there.

    If catch_exc_info is true, then returns `(status_string, headerlist, app_iter, exc_info)`, where the fourth item may be None, but won't be if there was an exception. If you don't do this and there was an exception, the exception will be raised directly.

  ResponseClass

    alias of `Response`

  send(application=None, catch_exc_info=False)

    Like `.call_application(application)`, except returns a response object with `.status`, `.headers`, and `.body` attributes.

    This will use `self.ResponseClass` to figure out the class of the response object to return.

    If `application` is not given, this will send the request to `self.make_default_send_app()`

  get_response(application=None, catch_exc_info=False)

    Like `.call_application(application)`, except returns a response object with `.status`, `.headers`, and `.body` attributes.

    This will use `self.ResponseClass` to figure out the class of the response object to return.

    If `application` is not given, this will send the request to `self.make_default_send_app()`

  classmethod blank(path, environ=None, base_url=None, headers=None, POST=None, **kw)

    Create a blank request environ (and Request wrapper) with the given path (path should be urlencoded), and any keys from environ.

    The path will become path_info, with any query string split off and used.

    All necessary keys will be added to the environ, but the values you pass in will take precedence. If you pass in base_url then wsgi.url_scheme, HTTP_HOST, and SCRIPT_NAME will be filled in from that value.

    Any extra keyword will be passed to `__init__`.