# Django 4.2.11 documentation

# JavaScript

While most of Django core is Python, the `admin` and `gis` contrib apps contain JavaScript code.

Please follow these coding standards when writing JavaScript code for inclusion in Django.

## Code style

- Please conform to the indentation style dictated in the `.editorconfig` file. We recommend using a text editor with EditorConfig support to avoid indentation and whitespace issues. Most of the JavaScript files use 4 spaces for indentation, but there are some exceptions.

- When naming variables, use `camelCase` instead of `underscore_case`. Different JavaScript files sometimes use a different code style. Please try to conform to the code style of each file.

- Use the ESLint code linter to check your code for bugs and style errors. ESLint will be run when you run the JavaScript tests. We also recommended installing a ESLint plugin in your text editor.

- Where possible, write code that will work even if the page structure is later changed with JavaScript. For instance, when binding a click handler, use `$('body').on('click', selector, func)` instead of `$(selector).click(func)`. This makes it easier for projects to extend Django’s default behavior with JavaScript.

## JavaScript patches

Django’s admin system leverages the jQuery framework to increase the capabilities of the admin interface. In conjunction, there is an emphasis on admin JavaScript performance and minimizing overall admin media file size.

## JavaScript tests

Django’s JavaScript tests can be run in a browser or from the command line. The tests are located in a top level js_tests directory.

### Writing tests

Django’s JavaScript tests use QUnit. Here is an example test module:

    QUnit.module('magicTricks', {
        beforeEach: function() {
            const $ = django.jQuery;
            $('#qunit-fixture').append('<button class="button"></button>');
        }
    });

    QUnit.test('removeOnClick removes button on click', function(assert) {
        const $ = django.jQuery;
        removeOnClick('.button');
        assert.equal($('.button').length, 1);
        $('.button').click();
        assert.equal($('.button').length, 0);
    });

    QUnit.test('copyOnClick adds button on click', function(assert) {
        const $ = django.jQuery;
        copyOnClick('.button');
        assert.equal($('.button').length, 1);
        $('.button').click();
        assert.equal($('.button').length, 2);
    });

Please consult the `QUnit` documentation for information on the types of assertions supported by QUnit.

### Running tests

The JavaScript tests may be run from a web browser or from the command line.

#### Testing from a web browser

To run the tests from a web browser, open up js_tests/tests.html in your browser.

To measure code coverage when running the tests, you need to view that file over HTTP. To view code coverage:

- Execute `python -m http.server` from the root directory (not from inside `js_tests`).

- Open http://localhost:8000/js_tests/tests.html in your web browser.

#### Testing from the command line

To run the tests from the command line, you need to have Node.js installed.

After installing `Node.js`, install the JavaScript test dependencies by running the following from the root of your Django checkout:

/ 

    $ npm install

    ...\> npm install

Then run the tests with:

/ 

    $ npm test

    ...\> npm test