# Django 3.2.12 documentation

# Source code for django.core.management.base

    """
    Base classes for writing management commands (named commands which can
    be executed through ``django-admin`` or ``manage.py``).
    """
    import os
    import sys
    import warnings
    from argparse import ArgumentParser, HelpFormatter
    from io import TextIOBase

    import django
    from django.core import checks
    from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
    from django.core.management.color import color_style, no_style
    from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, connections
    from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango41Warning

    ALL_CHECKS = '__all__'

    class CommandError(Exception):
        """
        Exception class indicating a problem while executing a management
        command.

        If this exception is raised during the execution of a management
        command, it will be caught and turned into a nicely-printed error
        message to the appropriate output stream (i.e., stderr); as a
        result, raising this exception (with a sensible description of the
        error) is the preferred way to indicate that something has gone
        wrong in the execution of a command.
        """
        def __init__(self, *args, returncode=1, **kwargs):
            self.returncode = returncode
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    class SystemCheckError(CommandError):
        """
        The system check framework detected unrecoverable errors.
        """
        pass

    class CommandParser(ArgumentParser):
        """
        Customized ArgumentParser class to improve some error messages and prevent
        SystemExit in several occasions, as SystemExit is unacceptable when a
        command is called programmatically.
        """
        def __init__(self, *, missing_args_message=None, called_from_command_line=None, **kwargs):
            self.missing_args_message = missing_args_message
            self.called_from_command_line = called_from_command_line
            super().__init__(**kwargs)

        def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
            # Catch missing argument for a better error message
            if (self.missing_args_message and
                    not (args or any(not arg.startswith('-') for arg in args))):
                self.error(self.missing_args_message)
            return super().parse_args(args, namespace)

        def error(self, message):
            if self.called_from_command_line:
                super().error(message)
            else:
                raise CommandError("Error: %s" % message)

    def handle_default_options(options):
        """
        Include any default options that all commands should accept here
        so that ManagementUtility can handle them before searching for
        user commands.
        """
        if options.settings:
            os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = options.settings
        if options.pythonpath:
            sys.path.insert(0, options.pythonpath)

    def no_translations(handle_func):
        """Decorator that forces a command to run with translations deactivated."""
        def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
            from django.utils import translation
            saved_locale = translation.get_language()
            translation.deactivate_all()
            try:
                res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
            finally:
                if saved_locale is not None:
                    translation.activate(saved_locale)
            return res
        return wrapped

    class DjangoHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):
        """
        Customized formatter so that command-specific arguments appear in the
        --help output before arguments common to all commands.
        """
        show_last = {
            '--version', '--verbosity', '--traceback', '--settings', '--pythonpath',
            '--no-color', '--force-color', '--skip-checks',
        }

        def _reordered_actions(self, actions):
            return sorted(
                actions,
                key=lambda a: set(a.option_strings) & self.show_last != set()
            )

        def add_usage(self, usage, actions, *args, **kwargs):
            super().add_usage(usage, self._reordered_actions(actions), *args, **kwargs)

        def add_arguments(self, actions):
            super().add_arguments(self._reordered_actions(actions))

    class OutputWrapper(TextIOBase):
        """
        Wrapper around stdout/stderr
        """
        @property
        def style_func(self):
            return self._style_func

        @style_func.setter
        def style_func(self, style_func):
            if style_func and self.isatty():
                self._style_func = style_func
            else:
                self._style_func = lambda x: x

        def __init__(self, out, ending='\n'):
            self._out = out
            self.style_func = None
            self.ending = ending

        def __getattr__(self, name):
            return getattr(self._out, name)

        def flush(self):
            if hasattr(self._out, 'flush'):
                self._out.flush()

        def isatty(self):
            return hasattr(self._out, 'isatty') and self._out.isatty()

        def write(self, msg='', style_func=None, ending=None):
            ending = self.ending if ending is None else ending
            if ending and not msg.endswith(ending):
                msg += ending
            style_func = style_func or self.style_func
            self._out.write(style_func(msg))

    class BaseCommand:
        """
        The base class from which all management commands ultimately
        derive.

        Use this class if you want access to all of the mechanisms which
        parse the command-line arguments and work out what code to call in
        response; if you don't need to change any of that behavior,
        consider using one of the subclasses defined in this file.

        If you are interested in overriding/customizing various aspects of
        the command-parsing and -execution behavior, the normal flow works
        as follows:

        1. ``django-admin`` or ``manage.py`` loads the command class
           and calls its ``run_from_argv()`` method.

        2. The ``run_from_argv()`` method calls ``create_parser()`` to get
           an ``ArgumentParser`` for the arguments, parses them, performs
           any environment changes requested by options like
           ``pythonpath``, and then calls the ``execute()`` method,
           passing the parsed arguments.

        3. The ``execute()`` method attempts to carry out the command by
           calling the ``handle()`` method with the parsed arguments; any
           output produced by ``handle()`` will be printed to standard
           output and, if the command is intended to produce a block of
           SQL statements, will be wrapped in ``BEGIN`` and ``COMMIT``.

        4. If ``handle()`` or ``execute()`` raised any exception (e.g.
           ``CommandError``), ``run_from_argv()`` will  instead print an error
           message to ``stderr``.

        Thus, the ``handle()`` method is typically the starting point for
        subclasses; many built-in commands and command types either place
        all of their logic in ``handle()``, or perform some additional
        parsing work in ``handle()`` and then delegate from it to more
        specialized methods as needed.

        Several attributes affect behavior at various steps along the way:

        ``help``
            A short description of the command, which will be printed in
            help messages.

        ``output_transaction``
            A boolean indicating whether the command outputs SQL
            statements; if ``True``, the output will automatically be
            wrapped with ``BEGIN;`` and ``COMMIT;``. Default value is
            ``False``.

        ``requires_migrations_checks``
            A boolean; if ``True``, the command prints a warning if the set of
            migrations on disk don't match the migrations in the database.

        ``requires_system_checks``
            A list or tuple of tags, e.g. [Tags.staticfiles, Tags.models]. System
            checks registered in the chosen tags will be checked for errors prior
            to executing the command. The value '__all__' can be used to specify
            that all system checks should be performed. Default value is '__all__'.

            To validate an individual application's models
            rather than all applications' models, call
            ``self.check(app_configs)`` from ``handle()``, where ``app_configs``
            is the list of application's configuration provided by the
            app registry.

        ``stealth_options``
            A tuple of any options the command uses which aren't defined by the
            argument parser.
        """
        # Metadata about this command.
        help = ''

        # Configuration shortcuts that alter various logic.
        _called_from_command_line = False
        output_transaction = False  # Whether to wrap the output in a "BEGIN; COMMIT;"
        requires_migrations_checks = False
        requires_system_checks = '__all__'
        # Arguments, common to all commands, which aren't defined by the argument
        # parser.
        base_stealth_options = ('stderr', 'stdout')
        # Command-specific options not defined by the argument parser.
        stealth_options = ()

        def __init__(self, stdout=None, stderr=None, no_color=False, force_color=False):
            self.stdout = OutputWrapper(stdout or sys.stdout)
            self.stderr = OutputWrapper(stderr or sys.stderr)
            if no_color and force_color:
                raise CommandError("'no_color' and 'force_color' can't be used together.")
            if no_color:
                self.style = no_style()
            else:
                self.style = color_style(force_color)
                self.stderr.style_func = self.style.ERROR
            if self.requires_system_checks in [False, True]:
                warnings.warn(
                    "Using a boolean value for requires_system_checks is "
                    "deprecated. Use '__all__' instead of True, and [] (an empty "
                    "list) instead of False.",
                    RemovedInDjango41Warning,
                )
                self.requires_system_checks = ALL_CHECKS if self.requires_system_checks else []
            if (
                not isinstance(self.requires_system_checks, (list, tuple)) and
                self.requires_system_checks != ALL_CHECKS
            ):
                raise TypeError('requires_system_checks must be a list or tuple.')

        def get_version(self):
            """
            Return the Django version, which should be correct for all built-in
            Django commands. User-supplied commands can override this method to
            return their own version.
            """
            return django.get_version()

        def create_parser(self, prog_name, subcommand, **kwargs):
            """
            Create and return the ``ArgumentParser`` which will be used to
            parse the arguments to this command.
            """
            parser = CommandParser(
                prog='%s %s' % (os.path.basename(prog_name), subcommand),
                description=self.help or None,
                formatter_class=DjangoHelpFormatter,
                missing_args_message=getattr(self, 'missing_args_message', None),
                called_from_command_line=getattr(self, '_called_from_command_line', None),
                **kwargs
            )
            parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version=self.get_version())
            parser.add_argument(
                '-v', '--verbosity', default=1,
                type=int, choices=[0, 1, 2, 3],
                help='Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output, 2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output',
            )
            parser.add_argument(
                '--settings',
                help=(
                    'The Python path to a settings module, e.g. '
                    '"myproject.settings.main". If this isn\'t provided, the '
                    'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be used.'
                ),
            )
            parser.add_argument(
                '--pythonpath',
                help='A directory to add to the Python path, e.g. "/home/djangoprojects/myproject".',
            )
            parser.add_argument('--traceback', action='store_true', help='Raise on CommandError exceptions')
            parser.add_argument(
                '--no-color', action='store_true',
                help="Don't colorize the command output.",
            )
            parser.add_argument(
                '--force-color', action='store_true',
                help='Force colorization of the command output.',
            )
            if self.requires_system_checks:
                parser.add_argument(
                    '--skip-checks', action='store_true',
                    help='Skip system checks.',
                )
            self.add_arguments(parser)
            return parser

        def add_arguments(self, parser):
            """
            Entry point for subclassed commands to add custom arguments.
            """
            pass

        def print_help(self, prog_name, subcommand):
            """
            Print the help message for this command, derived from
            ``self.usage()``.
            """
            parser = self.create_parser(prog_name, subcommand)
            parser.print_help()

        def run_from_argv(self, argv):
            """
            Set up any environment changes requested (e.g., Python path
            and Django settings), then run this command. If the
            command raises a ``CommandError``, intercept it and print it sensibly
            to stderr. If the ``--traceback`` option is present or the raised
            ``Exception`` is not ``CommandError``, raise it.
            """
            self._called_from_command_line = True
            parser = self.create_parser(argv[0], argv[1])

            options = parser.parse_args(argv[2:])
            cmd_options = vars(options)
            # Move positional args out of options to mimic legacy optparse
            args = cmd_options.pop('args', ())
            handle_default_options(options)
            try:
                self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
            except CommandError as e:
                if options.traceback:
                    raise

                # SystemCheckError takes care of its own formatting.
                if isinstance(e, SystemCheckError):
                    self.stderr.write(str(e), lambda x: x)
                else:
                    self.stderr.write('%s: %s' % (e.__class__.__name__, e))
                sys.exit(e.returncode)
            finally:
                try:
                    connections.close_all()
                except ImproperlyConfigured:
                    # Ignore if connections aren't setup at this point (e.g. no
                    # configured settings).
                    pass

        def execute(self, *args, **options):
            """
            Try to execute this command, performing system checks if needed (as
            controlled by the ``requires_system_checks`` attribute, except if
            force-skipped).
            """
            if options['force_color'] and options['no_color']:
                raise CommandError("The --no-color and --force-color options can't be used together.")
            if options['force_color']:
                self.style = color_style(force_color=True)
            elif options['no_color']:
                self.style = no_style()
                self.stderr.style_func = None
            if options.get('stdout'):
                self.stdout = OutputWrapper(options['stdout'])
            if options.get('stderr'):
                self.stderr = OutputWrapper(options['stderr'])

            if self.requires_system_checks and not options['skip_checks']:
                if self.requires_system_checks == ALL_CHECKS:
                    self.check()
                else:
                    self.check(tags=self.requires_system_checks)
            if self.requires_migrations_checks:
                self.check_migrations()
            output = self.handle(*args, **options)
            if output:
                if self.output_transaction:
                    connection = connections[options.get('database', DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS)]
                    output = '%s\n%s\n%s' % (
                        self.style.SQL_KEYWORD(connection.ops.start_transaction_sql()),
                        output,
                        self.style.SQL_KEYWORD(connection.ops.end_transaction_sql()),
                    )
                self.stdout.write(output)
            return output

        def check(self, app_configs=None, tags=None, display_num_errors=False,
                  include_deployment_checks=False, fail_level=checks.ERROR,
                  databases=None):
            """
            Use the system check framework to validate entire Django project.
            Raise CommandError for any serious message (error or critical errors).
            If there are only light messages (like warnings), print them to stderr
            and don't raise an exception.
            """
            all_issues = checks.run_checks(
                app_configs=app_configs,
                tags=tags,
                include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
                databases=databases,
            )

            header, body, footer = "", "", ""
            visible_issue_count = 0  # excludes silenced warnings

            if all_issues:
                debugs = [e for e in all_issues if e.level < checks.INFO and not e.is_silenced()]
                infos = [e for e in all_issues if checks.INFO <= e.level < checks.WARNING and not e.is_silenced()]
                warnings = [e for e in all_issues if checks.WARNING <= e.level < checks.ERROR and not e.is_silenced()]
                errors = [e for e in all_issues if checks.ERROR <= e.level < checks.CRITICAL and not e.is_silenced()]
                criticals = [e for e in all_issues if checks.CRITICAL <= e.level and not e.is_silenced()]
                sorted_issues = [
                    (criticals, 'CRITICALS'),
                    (errors, 'ERRORS'),
                    (warnings, 'WARNINGS'),
                    (infos, 'INFOS'),
                    (debugs, 'DEBUGS'),
                ]

                for issues, group_name in sorted_issues:
                    if issues:
                        visible_issue_count += len(issues)
                        formatted = (
                            self.style.ERROR(str(e))
                            if e.is_serious()
                            else self.style.WARNING(str(e))
                            for e in issues)
                        formatted = "\n".join(sorted(formatted))
                        body += '\n%s:\n%s\n' % (group_name, formatted)

            if visible_issue_count:
                header = "System check identified some issues:\n"

            if display_num_errors:
                if visible_issue_count:
                    footer += '\n'
                footer += "System check identified %s (%s silenced)." % (
                    "no issues" if visible_issue_count == 0 else
                    "1 issue" if visible_issue_count == 1 else
                    "%s issues" % visible_issue_count,
                    len(all_issues) - visible_issue_count,
                )

            if any(e.is_serious(fail_level) and not e.is_silenced() for e in all_issues):
                msg = self.style.ERROR("SystemCheckError: %s" % header) + body + footer
                raise SystemCheckError(msg)
            else:
                msg = header + body + footer

            if msg:
                if visible_issue_count:
                    self.stderr.write(msg, lambda x: x)
                else:
                    self.stdout.write(msg)

        def check_migrations(self):
            """
            Print a warning if the set of migrations on disk don't match the
            migrations in the database.
            """
            from django.db.migrations.executor import MigrationExecutor
            try:
                executor = MigrationExecutor(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS])
            except ImproperlyConfigured:
                # No databases are configured (or the dummy one)
                return

            plan = executor.migration_plan(executor.loader.graph.leaf_nodes())
            if plan:
                apps_waiting_migration = sorted({migration.app_label for migration, backwards in plan})
                self.stdout.write(
                    self.style.NOTICE(
                        "\nYou have %(unapplied_migration_count)s unapplied migration(s). "
                        "Your project may not work properly until you apply the "
                        "migrations for app(s): %(apps_waiting_migration)s." % {
                            "unapplied_migration_count": len(plan),
                            "apps_waiting_migration": ", ".join(apps_waiting_migration),
                        }
                    )
                )
                self.stdout.write(self.style.NOTICE("Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them."))

        def handle(self, *args, **options):
            """
            The actual logic of the command. Subclasses must implement
            this method.
            """
            raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of BaseCommand must provide a handle() method')

    class AppCommand(BaseCommand):
        """
        A management command which takes one or more installed application labels
        as arguments, and does something with each of them.

        Rather than implementing ``handle()``, subclasses must implement
        ``handle_app_config()``, which will be called once for each application.
        """
        missing_args_message = "Enter at least one application label."

        def add_arguments(self, parser):
            parser.add_argument('args', metavar='app_label', nargs='+', help='One or more application label.')

        def handle(self, *app_labels, **options):
            from django.apps import apps
            try:
                app_configs = [apps.get_app_config(app_label) for app_label in app_labels]
            except (LookupError, ImportError) as e:
                raise CommandError("%s. Are you sure your INSTALLED_APPS setting is correct?" % e)
            output = []
            for app_config in app_configs:
                app_output = self.handle_app_config(app_config, **options)
                if app_output:
                    output.append(app_output)
            return '\n'.join(output)

        def handle_app_config(self, app_config, **options):
            """
            Perform the command's actions for app_config, an AppConfig instance
            corresponding to an application label given on the command line.
            """
            raise NotImplementedError(
                "Subclasses of AppCommand must provide"
                "a handle_app_config() method.")

    class LabelCommand(BaseCommand):
        """
        A management command which takes one or more arbitrary arguments
        (labels) on the command line, and does something with each of
        them.

        Rather than implementing ``handle()``, subclasses must implement
        ``handle_label()``, which will be called once for each label.

        If the arguments should be names of installed applications, use
        ``AppCommand`` instead.
        """
        label = 'label'
        missing_args_message = "Enter at least one %s." % label

        def add_arguments(self, parser):
            parser.add_argument('args', metavar=self.label, nargs='+')

        def handle(self, *labels, **options):
            output = []
            for label in labels:
                label_output = self.handle_label(label, **options)
                if label_output:
                    output.append(label_output)
            return '\n'.join(output)

        def handle_label(self, label, **options):
            """
            Perform the command's actions for ``label``, which will be the
            string as given on the command line.
            """
            raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of LabelCommand must provide a handle_label() method')