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NAME

pmem_is_pmem(), pmem_map_file(), pmem_unmap() - check persistency, create and delete mappings

SYNOPSIS

    #include <libpmem.h>

    int pmem_is_pmem(const void *addr, size_t len);
    void *pmem_map_file(const char *path, size_t len, int flags,
        mode_t mode, size_t *mapped_lenp, int *is_pmemp);
    int pmem_unmap(void *addr, size_t len);

DESCRIPTION

Most pmem-aware applications will take advantage of higher level libraries that alleviate the need for the application to call into libpmem directly. Application developers that wish to access raw memory mapped persistence directly (via mmap(2)) and that wish to take on the responsibility for flushing stores to persistence will find the functions described in this section to be the most commonly used.

The pmem_is_pmem() function detects if the entire range [addr, addr+len) consists of persistent memory. Calling this function with a memory range that originates from a source different than pmem_map_file() is undefined. The implementation of pmem_is_pmem() requires a non-trivial amount of work to determine if the given range is entirely persistent memory. For this reason, it is better to call pmem_is_pmem() once when a range of memory is first encountered, save the result, and use the saved result to determine whether pmem_persist(3) or msync(2) is appropriate for flushing changes to persistence. Calling pmem_is_pmem() each time changes are flushed to persistence will not perform well.

The pmem_map_file() function creates a new read/write mapping for a file. If PMEM_FILE_CREATE is not specified in flags, the entire existing file path is mapped, len must be zero, and mode is ignored. Otherwise, path is opened or created as specified by flags and mode, and len must be non-zero. pmem_map_file() maps the file using mmap(2), but it also takes extra steps to make large page mappings more likely.

On success, pmem_map_file() returns a pointer to the mapped area. If mapped_lenp is not NULL, the length of the mapping is stored into *mapped_lenp. If is_pmemp is not NULL, a flag indicating whether the mapped file is actual pmem, or if msync() must be used to flush writes for the mapped range, is stored into *is_pmemp.

The flags argument is 0 or the bitwise OR of one or more of the following file creation flags:

•   PMEM_FILE_CREATE - Create the file named path if it does not exist. len must be non-zero and specifies the size of the file to be created. If the file already exists, it will be extended or truncated to len. The new or existing file is then fully allocated to size len using posix_fallocate(3). mode specifies the mode to use in case a new file is created (see creat(2)).

The remaining flags modify the behavior of pmem_map_file() when PMEM_FILE_CREATE is specified.

•   PMEM_FILE_EXCL - If specified in conjunction with PMEM_FILE_CREATE, and path already exists, then pmem_map_file() will fail with EEXIST. Otherwise, has the same meaning as O_EXCL on open(2), which is generally undefined.

•   PMEM_FILE_SPARSE - When specified in conjunction with PMEM_FILE_CREATE, create a sparse (holey) file using ftruncate(2) rather than allocating it using posix_fallocate(3). Otherwise ignored.

•   PMEM_FILE_TMPFILE - Create a mapping for an unnamed temporary file. Must be specified with PMEM_FILE_CREATE. len must be non-zero, mode is ignored (the temporary file is always created with mode 0600), and path must specify an existing directory name. If the underlying file system supports O_TMPFILE, the unnamed temporary file is created in the filesystem containing the directory path; if PMEM_FILE_EXCL is also specified, the temporary file may not subsequently be linked into the filesystem (see open(2)). Otherwise, the file is created in path and immediately unlinked.

The path can point to a Device DAX. In this case only the PMEM_FILE_CREATE and PMEM_FILE_SPARSE flags are valid, but they are both ignored. For Device DAX mappings, len must be equal to either 0 or the exact size of the device.

To delete mappings created with pmem_map_file(), use pmem_unmap().

The pmem_unmap() function deletes all the mappings for the specified address range, and causes further references to addresses within the range to generate invalid memory references. It will use the address specified by the parameter addr, where addr must be a previously mapped region. pmem_unmap() will delete the mappings using munmap(2).

RETURN VALUE

The pmem_is_pmem() function returns true only if the entire range [addr, addr+len) consists of persistent memory. A true return from pmem_is_pmem() means it is safe to use pmem_persist(3) and the related functions to make changes durable for that memory range. See also CAVEATS.

On success, pmem_map_file() returns a pointer to the memory-mapped region and sets *mapped_lenp and *is_pmemp if they are not NULL. On error, it returns NULL, sets errno appropriately, and does not modify *mapped_lenp or *is_pmemp.

On success, pmem_unmap() returns 0. On error, it returns -1 and sets errno appropriately.

NOTES

On Linux, pmem_is_pmem() returns true if the entire range was mapped directly from Device DAX (/dev/daxX.Y) without an intervening file system, or MAP_SYNC flag of mmap(2) is supported by the file system on Filesystem DAX.

CAVEATS

The result of pmem_is_pmem() query is only valid for the mappings created using pmem_map_file(). For other memory regions, in particular those created by a direct call to mmap(2), pmem_is_pmem() always returns false, even if the queried range is entirely persistent memory.

Not all file systems support posix_fallocate(3). pmem_map_file() will fail if PMEM_FILE_CREATE is specified without PMEM_FILE_SPARSE and the underlying file system does not support posix_fallocate(3).

SEE ALSO

creat(2), ftruncate(2), mmap(2), msync(2), munmap(2), open(2), pmem_persist(3), posix_fallocate(3), libpmem(7) and <https://pmem.io>