# 9.0.0

## Fredrik Lundh

This release is dedicated to the memory of Fredrik Lundh, aka Effbot, who died in November 2021. Fredrik created PIL in 1995 and he was instrumental in the early success of Python.

Guido wrote:

> Fredrik was an early Python contributor (e.g. Elementtree and the ‘re’ module) and his enthusiasm for the language and community were inspiring for all who encountered him or his work. He spent countless hours on comp.lang.python answering questions from newbies and advanced users alike.

> He also co-founded an early Python startup, Secret Labs AB, which among other software released an IDE named PythonWorks. Fredrik also created the Python Imaging Library (PIL) which is still THE way to interact with images in Python, now most often through its Pillow fork. His effbot.org site was a valuable resource for generations of Python users, especially its Tkinter documentation.

Thank you, Fredrik.

## Backwards Incompatible Changes

### Python 3.6

Pillow has dropped support for Python 3.6, which reached end-of-life on 2021-12-23.

### PILLOW_VERSION constant

`PILLOW_VERSION` has been removed. Use `__version__` instead.

### FreeType 2.7

Support for FreeType 2.7 has been removed; FreeType 2.8 is the minimum supported.

We recommend upgrading to at least FreeType 2.10.4, which fixed a severe vulnerability introduced in FreeType 2.6 (CVE-2020-15999).

### Image.show command parameter

The `command` parameter has been removed. Use a subclass of `PIL.ImageShow.Viewer` instead.

### Image._showxv

`Image._showxv` has been removed. Use `show()` instead. If custom behaviour is required, use `register()` to add a custom `Viewer` class.

### ImageFile.raise_ioerror

`IOError` was merged into `OSError` in Python 3.3. So, `ImageFile.raise_ioerror` has been removed. Use `ImageFile.raise_oserror` instead.

## API Changes

### Added line width parameter to ImageDraw polygon

An optional line `width` parameter has been added to `ImageDraw.Draw.polygon`.

## API Additions

### ImageShow.XDGViewer

If `xdg-open` is present on Linux, this new `PIL.ImageShow.Viewer` subclass will be registered. It displays images using the application selected by the system.

It is higher in priority than the other default `PIL.ImageShow.Viewer` instances, so it will be preferred by `im.show()` or `ImageShow.show()`.

### Added support for “title” argument to DisplayViewer

Support has been added for the “title” argument in `DisplayViewer`, so that when `im.show()` or `ImageShow.show()` use the `display` command line tool, the “title” argument will also now be supported, e.g. `im.show(title="My Image")` and `ImageShow.show(im, title="My Image")`.

## Security

### Ensure JpegImagePlugin stops at the end of a truncated file

`JpegImagePlugin` may append an EOF marker to the end of a truncated file, so that the last segment of the data will still be processed by the decoder.

If the EOF marker is not detected as such however, this could lead to an infinite loop where `JpegImagePlugin` keeps trying to end the file.

### Remove consecutive duplicate tiles that only differ by their offset

To prevent attempts to slow down loading times for images, if an image has consecutive duplicate tiles that only differ by their offset, only load the last tile. Credit to Google’s OSS-Fuzz project for finding this issue.

### Restrict builtins available to ImageMath.eval

CVE-2022-22817: To limit `PIL.ImageMath` to working with images, Pillow will now restrict the builtins available to `PIL.ImageMath.eval()`. This will help prevent problems arising if users evaluate arbitrary expressions, such as `ImageMath.eval("exec(exit())")`.

### Fixed ImagePath.Path array handling

CVE-2022-22815 (CWE-126) and CVE-2022-22816 (CWE-665) were found when initializing `ImagePath.Path`.

## Other Changes

### Convert subsequent GIF frames to RGB or RGBA

Since each frame of a GIF can have up to 256 colors, after the first frame it is possible for there to be too many colors to fit in a P mode image. To allow for this, seeking to any subsequent GIF frame will now convert the image to RGB or RGBA, depending on whether or not the first frame had transparency.

### Switched to libjpeg-turbo in macOS and Linux wheels

The Pillow wheels from PyPI for macOS and Linux have switched from libjpeg to libjpeg-turbo. It is a fork of libjpeg, popular for its speed.

Because different JPEG decoders load images differently, JPEG pixels may be altered slightly with this change.

### Added support for pickling TrueType fonts

TrueType fonts may now be pickled and unpickled. For example:

    import pickle
    from PIL import ImageFont

    font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", size=30)
    pickled_font = pickle.dumps(font, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)

    # Later...
    unpickled_font = pickle.loads(pickled_font)

### Added support for additional TGA orientations

TGA images with top right or bottom right orientations are now supported.