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# NetworkX 3.1

Release date: 4 April 2023

Supports Python 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, and 3.11.

NetworkX is a Python package for the creation, manipulation, and study of the structure, dynamics, and functions of complex networks.

For more information, please visit our website and our gallery of examples. Please send comments and questions to the networkx-discuss mailing list.

## Highlights

This release is the result of 3 months of work with over 85 pull requests by 26 contributors. Highlights include:

- Minor bug-fixes and speed-ups

- Improvements to plugin based backend infrastructure

- Minor documentation improvements

- Improved test coverage

- Last release supporting Python 3.8

- Stopped building PDF version of docs

- Use Ruff for linting

## Improvements

- [#6461] Add simple cycle enumerator for undirected class

- [#6404] Add spectral bisection for graphs using fiedler vector

- [#6244] Improve handling of create_using to allow Mixins of type Protocol

- [#5399] Add Laplace centrality measure

## Deprecations

- [#6564] Deprecate `single_target_shortest_path_length` to change return value to a dict in v3.3. Deprecate `shortest_path` in case of all_pairs to change return value to a iterator in v3.3.

- [#5602] Deprecate `forest_str` function (use `write_network_text` instead).

## Merged PRs

- Designate 3.0 release

- Fix docs

- Bump release version

- Fix link in isomorphvf2.py (#6347)

- Add dev release notes template

- Update precommit hooks (#6348)

- Add clique examples and deprecate helper functions (#6186)

- Laplace centrality for issue 4973 (#5399)

- doc:improve doc of possible values of nodes and expected behaviour (#6333)

- add OrderedGraph removal as an API change in release_3.0.rst (#6354)

- Update release_3.0 authors (add Jim and Erik) (#6356)

- Fix broken link nx guide (#6361)

- Add nx-guide link in the tutorial (#6353)

- DOC: Minor formatting fixups to get rid of doc build warnings. (#6363)

- Fix equation in clustering documentation (#6369)

- Add reference to paper in vf2pp (#6373)

- provide tikz with degrees, not radians (#6360)

- Improve handling of create_using to allow Mixins of type Protocol (#6244)

- Remove an instance of random.sample from a set (deprecated in Python 3.9) (#6380)

- DOC: Add banner for user survey announcement (#6375)

- bump pre-commit hooks (and fix CI) (#6396)

- Add generate / write “network text” (formerly graph_str) (#5602)

- Improve doc regular graphs (#6397)

- Fix link vonoroi (#6398)

- Document PageRank algo convergence condition (#6212)

- Fix pre-commit on Python 3.10 (#6407)

- DOC: list pred method for MultiDiGraphs (#6409)

- Delete warning in approximation documentation (#6221)

- Comment out unused unlayered dict construction. (#6411)

- Update installation test instructions (#6303)

- Added new tests in test_clique.py (#6142)

- Improve testing of bipartite projection. (#6196)

- Add dispatching to more shortest path algorithms (#6415)

- Add Plausible Analytics to our docs (#6413)

- Fix docstring heading title. (#6424)

- Added tests to test_directed.py. (#6208)

- Gallery example for Maximum Independent Set (#5563)

- spectral bisection for graphs using fiedler vector (#6404)

- Update developer requirements (#6429)

- Fix reference in line.py-inverse_line_graph (#6434)

- Add project desc for visualization and ISMAGs (#6432)

- Lint using Ruff (#6371)

- add ruff commit to git-blame-ignore (#6440)

- NXEP 0 and NXEP 1 - change status to Accepted (#5343)

- Bump gh-pages deploy bot version. (#6446)

- Start using ruff for pyupgrade and isort (#6441)

- Add documentation building to contributor guide (#6437)

- Reset deploy-action param names for latest version. (#6451)

- Doc upgrade paley graph (#6399)

- Added two tests for convert_numpy (#6455)

- Clean up similarity.py and use dataclasses for storing state (#5831)

- Remove pdf latex builds of docs (#5572)

- Add docstring for dorogovtsev_goltsev_mendes generator (#6450)

- Allow first argument to be passed as kwarg in dispatcher (#6471)

- Fix negative edge cycle function raising exception for empty graph (#6473)

- Dispatch more BFS-based algorithms (#6467)

- Ignore weakrefs when testing for memory leak (#6466)

- Fix reference formatting in generator docstring. (#6493)

- tweak `test_override_dispatch` to allow G keyword (#6499)

- Improve test coverage for astar.py (#6504)

- Add docstring example to weighted.py (#6497)

- Fix len operation of UnionAtlas (#6478)

- Improve test coverage for edgelist.py (#6507)

- Improve test coverage for mst.py and bug fix in prim_mst_edges() (#6486)

- Add examples clarifying ambiguity of nbunch (#6513)

- Updating removing explicit import for communities (#6459)

- Use generator to limit memory footprint of read_graph6. (#6519)

- Update docstring of paley graph (#6529)

- Fixed bug k_truss doesn’t raise exception for self loops (#6521)

- Update pre-commit (#6545)

- Update sphinx (#6544)

- Add docstring examples to dag.py (#6491)

- Add example script for mst (#6525)

- Add docstring examples to boundary.py (#6487)

- improve test coverage for branchings.py (#6523)

- Improve test coverage for redundancy.py (#6551)

- Fixed return type inconsistencies in shortest path methods documentation (#6528)

- Optimize _single_shortest_path_length function (#6299)

- Deprecate shortest_path functions to have consistent return values in v3.3 (#6567)

- Add community detection example to Gallery (#6526)

- add simple cycle enumerator for undirected class (#6461)

- Fix survey URL (#6548)

- Test dispatching via nx-loopback backend (#6536)

- Fixed return type inconsistencies in weighted.py (#6568)

- Update team galleries (#6569)

- Added Docstring Example for Bidirectional Shortest Path (#6570)

- Update release requirements (#6587)

- Designate 3.1rc0 release

- Bump release version

- corrections to docstring of `weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes` (#6598)

- Fixed method description in ismags.py (#6600)

- Minor docs/test maintenance (#6614)

- Better default alpha value for viz attributes in gexf writer (#6612)

- Fix module docstring format for ismags reference article. (#6611)

- Resolve NXEP4 with justification for not implementing it. (#6617)

- Fix typos (#6620)

- Draft release notes (#6621)

- Prep 3.1 release

## Contributors

- Navya Agarwal

- Lukong Anne

- Ross Barnowski

- Gabor Berei

- Paula Pérez Bianchi

- Kelly Boothby

- Purvi Chaurasia

- Jon Crall

- Michael Holtz

- Jim Kitchen

- Claudia Madrid

- Jarrod Millman

- Vanshika Mishra

- Harri Nieminen

- Tina Oberoi

- Omkaar

- Dima Pasechnik

- Alimi Qudirah

- Dan Schult

- Mridul Seth

- Eric Sims

- Tortar

- Erik Welch

- Aaron Z

- danieleades

- stanyas