gges3(3)

NAME
gges3 - gges3: Schur form

SYNOPSIS

  Functions

subroutine cgges3 (jobvsl, jobvsr, sort, selctg, n, a, lda, b, ldb, sdim, alpha, beta, vsl, ldvsl, vsr, ldvsr, work, lwork, rwork, bwork, info)
CGGES3 computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices (blocked algorithm)
subroutine dgges3 (jobvsl, jobvsr, sort, selctg, n, a, lda, b, ldb, sdim, alphar, alphai, beta, vsl, ldvsl, vsr, ldvsr, work, lwork, bwork, info)
DGGES3 computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices (blocked algorithm)
subroutine sgges3 (jobvsl, jobvsr, sort, selctg, n, a, lda, b, ldb, sdim, alphar, alphai, beta, vsl, ldvsl, vsr, ldvsr, work, lwork, bwork, info)
SGGES3 computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices (blocked algorithm)
subroutine zgges3 (jobvsl, jobvsr, sort, selctg, n, a, lda, b, ldb, sdim, alpha, beta, vsl, ldvsl, vsr, ldvsr, work, lwork, rwork, bwork, info)
ZGGES3 computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices (blocked algorithm)

Detailed Description

Function Documentation

  subroutine cgges3 (character jobvsl, character jobvsr, character sort, external selctg, integer n, complex, dimension( lda, * ) a, integer lda, complex, dimension( ldb, * ) b, integer ldb, integer sdim, complex, dimension( * ) alpha, complex, dimension( * ) beta, complex, dimension( ldvsl, * ) vsl, integer ldvsl, complex, dimension( ldvsr, * ) vsr, integer ldvsr, complex, dimension( * ) work, integer lwork, real, dimension( * ) rwork, logical, dimension( * ) bwork, integer info)

CGGES3 computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices (blocked algorithm)

Purpose:

    !>
    !> CGGES3 computes for a pair of N-by-N complex nonsymmetric matrices
    !> (A,B), the generalized eigenvalues, the generalized complex Schur
    !> form (S, T), and optionally left and/or right Schur vectors (VSL
    !> and VSR). This gives the generalized Schur factorization
    !>
    !>         (A,B) = ( (VSL)*S*(VSR)**H, (VSL)*T*(VSR)**H )
    !>
    !> where (VSR)**H is the conjugate-transpose of VSR.
    !>
    !> Optionally, it also orders the eigenvalues so that a selected cluster
    !> of eigenvalues appears in the leading diagonal blocks of the upper
    !> triangular matrix S and the upper triangular matrix T. The leading
    !> columns of VSL and VSR then form an unitary basis for the
    !> corresponding left and right eigenspaces (deflating subspaces).
    !>
    !> (If only the generalized eigenvalues are needed, use the driver
    !> CGGEV instead, which is faster.)
    !>
    !> A generalized eigenvalue for a pair of matrices (A,B) is a scalar w
    !> or a ratio alpha/beta = w, such that  A - w*B is singular.  It is
    !> usually represented as the pair (alpha,beta), as there is a
    !> reasonable interpretation for beta=0, and even for both being zero.
    !>
    !> A pair of matrices (S,T) is in generalized complex Schur form if S
    !> and T are upper triangular and, in addition, the diagonal elements
    !> of T are non-negative real numbers.
    !>

Parameters
    JOBVSL

    !>          JOBVSL is CHARACTER*1
    !>          = 'N':  do not compute the left Schur vectors;
    !>          = 'V':  compute the left Schur vectors.
    !>

    JOBVSR

    !>          JOBVSR is CHARACTER*1
    !>          = 'N':  do not compute the right Schur vectors;
    !>          = 'V':  compute the right Schur vectors.
    !>

    SORT

    !>          SORT is CHARACTER*1
    !>          Specifies whether or not to order the eigenvalues on the
    !>          diagonal of the generalized Schur form.
    !>          = 'N':  Eigenvalues are not ordered;
    !>          = 'S':  Eigenvalues are ordered (see SELCTG).
    !>

    SELCTG

    !>          SELCTG is a LOGICAL FUNCTION of two COMPLEX arguments
    !>          SELCTG must be declared EXTERNAL in the calling subroutine.
    !>          If SORT = 'N', SELCTG is not referenced.
    !>          If SORT = 'S', SELCTG is used to select eigenvalues to sort
    !>          to the top left of the Schur form.
    !>          An eigenvalue ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) is selected if
    !>          SELCTG(ALPHA(j),BETA(j)) is true.
    !>
    !>          Note that a selected complex eigenvalue may no longer satisfy
    !>          SELCTG(ALPHA(j),BETA(j)) = .TRUE. after ordering, since
    !>          ordering may change the value of complex eigenvalues
    !>          (especially if the eigenvalue is ill-conditioned), in this
    !>          case INFO is set to N+2 (See INFO below).
    !>

    N

    !>          N is INTEGER
    !>          The order of the matrices A, B, VSL, and VSR.  N >= 0.
    !>

    A

    !>          A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA, N)
    !>          On entry, the first of the pair of matrices.
    !>          On exit, A has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
    !>          form S.
    !>

    LDA

    !>          LDA is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
    !>

    B

    !>          B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB, N)
    !>          On entry, the second of the pair of matrices.
    !>          On exit, B has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
    !>          form T.
    !>

    LDB

    !>          LDB is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
    !>

    SDIM

    !>          SDIM is INTEGER
    !>          If SORT = 'N', SDIM = 0.
    !>          If SORT = 'S', SDIM = number of eigenvalues (after sorting)
    !>          for which SELCTG is true.
    !>

    ALPHA

    !>          ALPHA is COMPLEX array, dimension (N)
    !>

    BETA

    !>          BETA is COMPLEX array, dimension (N)
    !>          On exit,  ALPHA(j)/BETA(j), j=1,...,N, will be the
    !>          generalized eigenvalues.  ALPHA(j), j=1,...,N  and  BETA(j),
    !>          j=1,...,N  are the diagonals of the complex Schur form (A,B)
    !>          output by CGGES3. The  BETA(j) will be non-negative real.
    !>
    !>          Note: the quotients ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) may easily over- or
    !>          underflow, and BETA(j) may even be zero.  Thus, the user
    !>          should avoid naively computing the ratio alpha/beta.
    !>          However, ALPHA will be always less than and usually
    !>          comparable with norm(A) in magnitude, and BETA always less
    !>          than and usually comparable with norm(B).
    !>

    VSL

    !>          VSL is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVSL,N)
    !>          If JOBVSL = 'V', VSL will contain the left Schur vectors.
    !>          Not referenced if JOBVSL = 'N'.
    !>

    LDVSL

    !>          LDVSL is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of the matrix VSL. LDVSL >= 1, and
    !>          if JOBVSL = 'V', LDVSL >= N.
    !>

    VSR

    !>          VSR is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVSR,N)
    !>          If JOBVSR = 'V', VSR will contain the right Schur vectors.
    !>          Not referenced if JOBVSR = 'N'.
    !>

    LDVSR

    !>          LDVSR is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of the matrix VSR. LDVSR >= 1, and
    !>          if JOBVSR = 'V', LDVSR >= N.
    !>

    WORK

    !>          WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
    !>          On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
    !>

    LWORK

    !>          LWORK is INTEGER
    !>          The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= MAX(1,2*N).
    !>          For good performance, LWORK must generally be larger.
    !>
    !>          If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
    !>          only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
    !>          this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
    !>          message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
    !>

    RWORK

    !>          RWORK is REAL array, dimension (8*N)
    !>

    BWORK

    !>          BWORK is LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
    !>          Not referenced if SORT = 'N'.
    !>

    INFO

    !>          INFO is INTEGER
    !>          = 0:  successful exit
    !>          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
    !>          =1,...,N:
    !>                The QZ iteration failed.  (A,B) are not in Schur
    !>                form, but ALPHA(j) and BETA(j) should be correct for
    !>                j=INFO+1,...,N.
    !>          > N:  =N+1: other than QZ iteration failed in CLAQZ0
    !>                =N+2: after reordering, roundoff changed values of
    !>                      some complex eigenvalues so that leading
    !>                      eigenvalues in the Generalized Schur form no
    !>                      longer satisfy SELCTG=.TRUE.  This could also
    !>                      be caused due to scaling.
    !>                =N+3: reordering failed in CTGSEN.
    !>

Author
    Univ. of Tennessee

    Univ. of California Berkeley

    Univ. of Colorado Denver

    NAG Ltd.

  subroutine dgges3 (character jobvsl, character jobvsr, character sort, external selctg, integer n, double precision, dimension( lda, * ) a, integer lda, double precision, dimension( ldb, * ) b, integer ldb, integer sdim, double precision, dimension( * ) alphar, double precision, dimension( * ) alphai, double precision, dimension( * ) beta, double precision, dimension( ldvsl, * ) vsl, integer ldvsl, double precision, dimension( ldvsr, * ) vsr, integer ldvsr, double precision, dimension( * ) work, integer lwork, logical, dimension( * ) bwork, integer info)

DGGES3 computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices (blocked algorithm)

Purpose:

    !>
    !> DGGES3 computes for a pair of N-by-N real nonsymmetric matrices (A,B),
    !> the generalized eigenvalues, the generalized real Schur form (S,T),
    !> optionally, the left and/or right matrices of Schur vectors (VSL and
    !> VSR). This gives the generalized Schur factorization
    !>
    !>          (A,B) = ( (VSL)*S*(VSR)**T, (VSL)*T*(VSR)**T )
    !>
    !> Optionally, it also orders the eigenvalues so that a selected cluster
    !> of eigenvalues appears in the leading diagonal blocks of the upper
    !> quasi-triangular matrix S and the upper triangular matrix T.The
    !> leading columns of VSL and VSR then form an orthonormal basis for the
    !> corresponding left and right eigenspaces (deflating subspaces).
    !>
    !> (If only the generalized eigenvalues are needed, use the driver
    !> DGGEV instead, which is faster.)
    !>
    !> A generalized eigenvalue for a pair of matrices (A,B) is a scalar w
    !> or a ratio alpha/beta = w, such that  A - w*B is singular.  It is
    !> usually represented as the pair (alpha,beta), as there is a
    !> reasonable interpretation for beta=0 or both being zero.
    !>
    !> A pair of matrices (S,T) is in generalized real Schur form if T is
    !> upper triangular with non-negative diagonal and S is block upper
    !> triangular with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 blocks.  1-by-1 blocks correspond
    !> to real generalized eigenvalues, while 2-by-2 blocks of S will be
    !>  by making the corresponding elements of T have the
    !> form:
    !>         [  a  0  ]
    !>         [  0  b  ]
    !>
    !> and the pair of corresponding 2-by-2 blocks in S and T will have a
    !> complex conjugate pair of generalized eigenvalues.
    !>
    !>

Parameters
    JOBVSL

    !>          JOBVSL is CHARACTER*1
    !>          = 'N':  do not compute the left Schur vectors;
    !>          = 'V':  compute the left Schur vectors.
    !>

    JOBVSR

    !>          JOBVSR is CHARACTER*1
    !>          = 'N':  do not compute the right Schur vectors;
    !>          = 'V':  compute the right Schur vectors.
    !>

    SORT

    !>          SORT is CHARACTER*1
    !>          Specifies whether or not to order the eigenvalues on the
    !>          diagonal of the generalized Schur form.
    !>          = 'N':  Eigenvalues are not ordered;
    !>          = 'S':  Eigenvalues are ordered (see SELCTG);
    !>

    SELCTG

    !>          SELCTG is a LOGICAL FUNCTION of three DOUBLE PRECISION arguments
    !>          SELCTG must be declared EXTERNAL in the calling subroutine.
    !>          If SORT = 'N', SELCTG is not referenced.
    !>          If SORT = 'S', SELCTG is used to select eigenvalues to sort
    !>          to the top left of the Schur form.
    !>          An eigenvalue (ALPHAR(j)+ALPHAI(j))/BETA(j) is selected if
    !>          SELCTG(ALPHAR(j),ALPHAI(j),BETA(j)) is true; i.e. if either
    !>          one of a complex conjugate pair of eigenvalues is selected,
    !>          then both complex eigenvalues are selected.
    !>
    !>          Note that in the ill-conditioned case, a selected complex
    !>          eigenvalue may no longer satisfy SELCTG(ALPHAR(j),ALPHAI(j),
    !>          BETA(j)) = .TRUE. after ordering. INFO is to be set to N+2
    !>          in this case.
    !>

    N

    !>          N is INTEGER
    !>          The order of the matrices A, B, VSL, and VSR.  N >= 0.
    !>

    A

    !>          A is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDA, N)
    !>          On entry, the first of the pair of matrices.
    !>          On exit, A has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
    !>          form S.
    !>

    LDA

    !>          LDA is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
    !>

    B

    !>          B is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB, N)
    !>          On entry, the second of the pair of matrices.
    !>          On exit, B has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
    !>          form T.
    !>

    LDB

    !>          LDB is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
    !>

    SDIM

    !>          SDIM is INTEGER
    !>          If SORT = 'N', SDIM = 0.
    !>          If SORT = 'S', SDIM = number of eigenvalues (after sorting)
    !>          for which SELCTG is true.  (Complex conjugate pairs for which
    !>          SELCTG is true for either eigenvalue count as 2.)
    !>

    ALPHAR

    !>          ALPHAR is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
    !>

    ALPHAI

    !>          ALPHAI is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
    !>

    BETA

    !>          BETA is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
    !>          On exit, (ALPHAR(j) + ALPHAI(j)*i)/BETA(j), j=1,...,N, will
    !>          be the generalized eigenvalues.  ALPHAR(j) + ALPHAI(j)*i,
    !>          and  BETA(j),j=1,...,N are the diagonals of the complex Schur
    !>          form (S,T) that would result if the 2-by-2 diagonal blocks of
    !>          the real Schur form of (A,B) were further reduced to
    !>          triangular form using 2-by-2 complex unitary transformations.
    !>          If ALPHAI(j) is zero, then the j-th eigenvalue is real; if
    !>          positive, then the j-th and (j+1)-st eigenvalues are a
    !>          complex conjugate pair, with ALPHAI(j+1) negative.
    !>
    !>          Note: the quotients ALPHAR(j)/BETA(j) and ALPHAI(j)/BETA(j)
    !>          may easily over- or underflow, and BETA(j) may even be zero.
    !>          Thus, the user should avoid naively computing the ratio.
    !>          However, ALPHAR and ALPHAI will be always less than and
    !>          usually comparable with norm(A) in magnitude, and BETA always
    !>          less than and usually comparable with norm(B).
    !>

    VSL

    !>          VSL is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDVSL,N)
    !>          If JOBVSL = 'V', VSL will contain the left Schur vectors.
    !>          Not referenced if JOBVSL = 'N'.
    !>

    LDVSL

    !>          LDVSL is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of the matrix VSL. LDVSL >=1, and
    !>          if JOBVSL = 'V', LDVSL >= N.
    !>

    VSR

    !>          VSR is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDVSR,N)
    !>          If JOBVSR = 'V', VSR will contain the right Schur vectors.
    !>          Not referenced if JOBVSR = 'N'.
    !>

    LDVSR

    !>          LDVSR is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of the matrix VSR. LDVSR >= 1, and
    !>          if JOBVSR = 'V', LDVSR >= N.
    !>

    WORK

    !>          WORK is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
    !>          On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
    !>

    LWORK

    !>          LWORK is INTEGER
    !>          The dimension of the array WORK.
    !>          If N = 0, LWORK >= 1, else LWORK >= 6*N+16.
    !>          For good performance, LWORK must generally be larger.
    !>
    !>          If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
    !>          only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
    !>          this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
    !>          message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
    !>

    BWORK

    !>          BWORK is LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
    !>          Not referenced if SORT = 'N'.
    !>

    INFO

    !>          INFO is INTEGER
    !>          = 0:  successful exit
    !>          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
    !>          = 1,...,N:
    !>                The QZ iteration failed.  (A,B) are not in Schur
    !>                form, but ALPHAR(j), ALPHAI(j), and BETA(j) should
    !>                be correct for j=INFO+1,...,N.
    !>          > N:  =N+1: other than QZ iteration failed in DLAQZ0.
    !>                =N+2: after reordering, roundoff changed values of
    !>                      some complex eigenvalues so that leading
    !>                      eigenvalues in the Generalized Schur form no
    !>                      longer satisfy SELCTG=.TRUE.  This could also
    !>                      be caused due to scaling.
    !>                =N+3: reordering failed in DTGSEN.
    !>

Author
    Univ. of Tennessee

    Univ. of California Berkeley

    Univ. of Colorado Denver

    NAG Ltd.

  subroutine sgges3 (character jobvsl, character jobvsr, character sort, external selctg, integer n, real, dimension( lda, * ) a, integer lda, real, dimension( ldb, * ) b, integer ldb, integer sdim, real, dimension( * ) alphar, real, dimension( * ) alphai, real, dimension( * ) beta, real, dimension( ldvsl, * ) vsl, integer ldvsl, real, dimension( ldvsr, * ) vsr, integer ldvsr, real, dimension( * ) work, integer lwork, logical, dimension( * ) bwork, integer info)

SGGES3 computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices (blocked algorithm)

Purpose:

    !>
    !> SGGES3 computes for a pair of N-by-N real nonsymmetric matrices (A,B),
    !> the generalized eigenvalues, the generalized real Schur form (S,T),
    !> optionally, the left and/or right matrices of Schur vectors (VSL and
    !> VSR). This gives the generalized Schur factorization
    !>
    !>          (A,B) = ( (VSL)*S*(VSR)**T, (VSL)*T*(VSR)**T )
    !>
    !> Optionally, it also orders the eigenvalues so that a selected cluster
    !> of eigenvalues appears in the leading diagonal blocks of the upper
    !> quasi-triangular matrix S and the upper triangular matrix T.The
    !> leading columns of VSL and VSR then form an orthonormal basis for the
    !> corresponding left and right eigenspaces (deflating subspaces).
    !>
    !> (If only the generalized eigenvalues are needed, use the driver
    !> SGGEV instead, which is faster.)
    !>
    !> A generalized eigenvalue for a pair of matrices (A,B) is a scalar w
    !> or a ratio alpha/beta = w, such that  A - w*B is singular.  It is
    !> usually represented as the pair (alpha,beta), as there is a
    !> reasonable interpretation for beta=0 or both being zero.
    !>
    !> A pair of matrices (S,T) is in generalized real Schur form if T is
    !> upper triangular with non-negative diagonal and S is block upper
    !> triangular with 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 blocks.  1-by-1 blocks correspond
    !> to real generalized eigenvalues, while 2-by-2 blocks of S will be
    !>  by making the corresponding elements of T have the
    !> form:
    !>         [  a  0  ]
    !>         [  0  b  ]
    !>
    !> and the pair of corresponding 2-by-2 blocks in S and T will have a
    !> complex conjugate pair of generalized eigenvalues.
    !>
    !>

Parameters
    JOBVSL

    !>          JOBVSL is CHARACTER*1
    !>          = 'N':  do not compute the left Schur vectors;
    !>          = 'V':  compute the left Schur vectors.
    !>

    JOBVSR

    !>          JOBVSR is CHARACTER*1
    !>          = 'N':  do not compute the right Schur vectors;
    !>          = 'V':  compute the right Schur vectors.
    !>

    SORT

    !>          SORT is CHARACTER*1
    !>          Specifies whether or not to order the eigenvalues on the
    !>          diagonal of the generalized Schur form.
    !>          = 'N':  Eigenvalues are not ordered;
    !>          = 'S':  Eigenvalues are ordered (see SELCTG);
    !>

    SELCTG

    !>          SELCTG is a LOGICAL FUNCTION of three REAL arguments
    !>          SELCTG must be declared EXTERNAL in the calling subroutine.
    !>          If SORT = 'N', SELCTG is not referenced.
    !>          If SORT = 'S', SELCTG is used to select eigenvalues to sort
    !>          to the top left of the Schur form.
    !>          An eigenvalue (ALPHAR(j)+ALPHAI(j))/BETA(j) is selected if
    !>          SELCTG(ALPHAR(j),ALPHAI(j),BETA(j)) is true; i.e. if either
    !>          one of a complex conjugate pair of eigenvalues is selected,
    !>          then both complex eigenvalues are selected.
    !>
    !>          Note that in the ill-conditioned case, a selected complex
    !>          eigenvalue may no longer satisfy SELCTG(ALPHAR(j),ALPHAI(j),
    !>          BETA(j)) = .TRUE. after ordering. INFO is to be set to N+2
    !>          in this case.
    !>

    N

    !>          N is INTEGER
    !>          The order of the matrices A, B, VSL, and VSR.  N >= 0.
    !>

    A

    !>          A is REAL array, dimension (LDA, N)
    !>          On entry, the first of the pair of matrices.
    !>          On exit, A has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
    !>          form S.
    !>

    LDA

    !>          LDA is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
    !>

    B

    !>          B is REAL array, dimension (LDB, N)
    !>          On entry, the second of the pair of matrices.
    !>          On exit, B has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
    !>          form T.
    !>

    LDB

    !>          LDB is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
    !>

    SDIM

    !>          SDIM is INTEGER
    !>          If SORT = 'N', SDIM = 0.
    !>          If SORT = 'S', SDIM = number of eigenvalues (after sorting)
    !>          for which SELCTG is true.  (Complex conjugate pairs for which
    !>          SELCTG is true for either eigenvalue count as 2.)
    !>

    ALPHAR

    !>          ALPHAR is REAL array, dimension (N)
    !>

    ALPHAI

    !>          ALPHAI is REAL array, dimension (N)
    !>

    BETA

    !>          BETA is REAL array, dimension (N)
    !>          On exit, (ALPHAR(j) + ALPHAI(j)*i)/BETA(j), j=1,...,N, will
    !>          be the generalized eigenvalues.  ALPHAR(j) + ALPHAI(j)*i,
    !>          and  BETA(j),j=1,...,N are the diagonals of the complex Schur
    !>          form (S,T) that would result if the 2-by-2 diagonal blocks of
    !>          the real Schur form of (A,B) were further reduced to
    !>          triangular form using 2-by-2 complex unitary transformations.
    !>          If ALPHAI(j) is zero, then the j-th eigenvalue is real; if
    !>          positive, then the j-th and (j+1)-st eigenvalues are a
    !>          complex conjugate pair, with ALPHAI(j+1) negative.
    !>
    !>          Note: the quotients ALPHAR(j)/BETA(j) and ALPHAI(j)/BETA(j)
    !>          may easily over- or underflow, and BETA(j) may even be zero.
    !>          Thus, the user should avoid naively computing the ratio.
    !>          However, ALPHAR and ALPHAI will be always less than and
    !>          usually comparable with norm(A) in magnitude, and BETA always
    !>          less than and usually comparable with norm(B).
    !>

    VSL

    !>          VSL is REAL array, dimension (LDVSL,N)
    !>          If JOBVSL = 'V', VSL will contain the left Schur vectors.
    !>          Not referenced if JOBVSL = 'N'.
    !>

    LDVSL

    !>          LDVSL is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of the matrix VSL. LDVSL >=1, and
    !>          if JOBVSL = 'V', LDVSL >= N.
    !>

    VSR

    !>          VSR is REAL array, dimension (LDVSR,N)
    !>          If JOBVSR = 'V', VSR will contain the right Schur vectors.
    !>          Not referenced if JOBVSR = 'N'.
    !>

    LDVSR

    !>          LDVSR is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of the matrix VSR. LDVSR >= 1, and
    !>          if JOBVSR = 'V', LDVSR >= N.
    !>

    WORK

    !>          WORK is REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
    !>          On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
    !>

    LWORK

    !>          LWORK is INTEGER
    !>          The dimension of the array WORK.
    !>          If N = 0, LWORK >= 1, else LWORK >= 6*N+16.
    !>          For good performance, LWORK must generally be larger.
    !>
    !>          If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
    !>          only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
    !>          this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
    !>          message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
    !>

    BWORK

    !>          BWORK is LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
    !>          Not referenced if SORT = 'N'.
    !>

    INFO

    !>          INFO is INTEGER
    !>          = 0:  successful exit
    !>          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
    !>          = 1,...,N:
    !>                The QZ iteration failed.  (A,B) are not in Schur
    !>                form, but ALPHAR(j), ALPHAI(j), and BETA(j) should
    !>                be correct for j=INFO+1,...,N.
    !>          > N:  =N+1: other than QZ iteration failed in SLAQZ0.
    !>                =N+2: after reordering, roundoff changed values of
    !>                      some complex eigenvalues so that leading
    !>                      eigenvalues in the Generalized Schur form no
    !>                      longer satisfy SELCTG=.TRUE.  This could also
    !>                      be caused due to scaling.
    !>                =N+3: reordering failed in STGSEN.
    !>

Author
    Univ. of Tennessee

    Univ. of California Berkeley

    Univ. of Colorado Denver

    NAG Ltd.

  subroutine zgges3 (character jobvsl, character jobvsr, character sort, external selctg, integer n, complex*16, dimension( lda, * ) a, integer lda, complex*16, dimension( ldb, * ) b, integer ldb, integer sdim, complex*16, dimension( * ) alpha, complex*16, dimension( * ) beta, complex*16, dimension( ldvsl, * ) vsl, integer ldvsl, complex*16, dimension( ldvsr, * ) vsr, integer ldvsr, complex*16, dimension( * ) work, integer lwork, double precision, dimension( * ) rwork, logical, dimension( * ) bwork, integer info)

ZGGES3 computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices (blocked algorithm)

Purpose:

    !>
    !> ZGGES3 computes for a pair of N-by-N complex nonsymmetric matrices
    !> (A,B), the generalized eigenvalues, the generalized complex Schur
    !> form (S, T), and optionally left and/or right Schur vectors (VSL
    !> and VSR). This gives the generalized Schur factorization
    !>
    !>         (A,B) = ( (VSL)*S*(VSR)**H, (VSL)*T*(VSR)**H )
    !>
    !> where (VSR)**H is the conjugate-transpose of VSR.
    !>
    !> Optionally, it also orders the eigenvalues so that a selected cluster
    !> of eigenvalues appears in the leading diagonal blocks of the upper
    !> triangular matrix S and the upper triangular matrix T. The leading
    !> columns of VSL and VSR then form an unitary basis for the
    !> corresponding left and right eigenspaces (deflating subspaces).
    !>
    !> (If only the generalized eigenvalues are needed, use the driver
    !> ZGGEV instead, which is faster.)
    !>
    !> A generalized eigenvalue for a pair of matrices (A,B) is a scalar w
    !> or a ratio alpha/beta = w, such that  A - w*B is singular.  It is
    !> usually represented as the pair (alpha,beta), as there is a
    !> reasonable interpretation for beta=0, and even for both being zero.
    !>
    !> A pair of matrices (S,T) is in generalized complex Schur form if S
    !> and T are upper triangular and, in addition, the diagonal elements
    !> of T are non-negative real numbers.
    !>

Parameters
    JOBVSL

    !>          JOBVSL is CHARACTER*1
    !>          = 'N':  do not compute the left Schur vectors;
    !>          = 'V':  compute the left Schur vectors.
    !>

    JOBVSR

    !>          JOBVSR is CHARACTER*1
    !>          = 'N':  do not compute the right Schur vectors;
    !>          = 'V':  compute the right Schur vectors.
    !>

    SORT

    !>          SORT is CHARACTER*1
    !>          Specifies whether or not to order the eigenvalues on the
    !>          diagonal of the generalized Schur form.
    !>          = 'N':  Eigenvalues are not ordered;
    !>          = 'S':  Eigenvalues are ordered (see SELCTG).
    !>

    SELCTG

    !>          SELCTG is a LOGICAL FUNCTION of two COMPLEX*16 arguments
    !>          SELCTG must be declared EXTERNAL in the calling subroutine.
    !>          If SORT = 'N', SELCTG is not referenced.
    !>          If SORT = 'S', SELCTG is used to select eigenvalues to sort
    !>          to the top left of the Schur form.
    !>          An eigenvalue ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) is selected if
    !>          SELCTG(ALPHA(j),BETA(j)) is true.
    !>
    !>          Note that a selected complex eigenvalue may no longer satisfy
    !>          SELCTG(ALPHA(j),BETA(j)) = .TRUE. after ordering, since
    !>          ordering may change the value of complex eigenvalues
    !>          (especially if the eigenvalue is ill-conditioned), in this
    !>          case INFO is set to N+2 (See INFO below).
    !>

    N

    !>          N is INTEGER
    !>          The order of the matrices A, B, VSL, and VSR.  N >= 0.
    !>

    A

    !>          A is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA, N)
    !>          On entry, the first of the pair of matrices.
    !>          On exit, A has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
    !>          form S.
    !>

    LDA

    !>          LDA is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
    !>

    B

    !>          B is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB, N)
    !>          On entry, the second of the pair of matrices.
    !>          On exit, B has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
    !>          form T.
    !>

    LDB

    !>          LDB is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
    !>

    SDIM

    !>          SDIM is INTEGER
    !>          If SORT = 'N', SDIM = 0.
    !>          If SORT = 'S', SDIM = number of eigenvalues (after sorting)
    !>          for which SELCTG is true.
    !>

    ALPHA

    !>          ALPHA is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N)
    !>

    BETA

    !>          BETA is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N)
    !>          On exit,  ALPHA(j)/BETA(j), j=1,...,N, will be the
    !>          generalized eigenvalues.  ALPHA(j), j=1,...,N  and  BETA(j),
    !>          j=1,...,N  are the diagonals of the complex Schur form (A,B)
    !>          output by ZGGES3. The  BETA(j) will be non-negative real.
    !>
    !>          Note: the quotients ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) may easily over- or
    !>          underflow, and BETA(j) may even be zero.  Thus, the user
    !>          should avoid naively computing the ratio alpha/beta.
    !>          However, ALPHA will be always less than and usually
    !>          comparable with norm(A) in magnitude, and BETA always less
    !>          than and usually comparable with norm(B).
    !>

    VSL

    !>          VSL is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVSL,N)
    !>          If JOBVSL = 'V', VSL will contain the left Schur vectors.
    !>          Not referenced if JOBVSL = 'N'.
    !>

    LDVSL

    !>          LDVSL is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of the matrix VSL. LDVSL >= 1, and
    !>          if JOBVSL = 'V', LDVSL >= N.
    !>

    VSR

    !>          VSR is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVSR,N)
    !>          If JOBVSR = 'V', VSR will contain the right Schur vectors.
    !>          Not referenced if JOBVSR = 'N'.
    !>

    LDVSR

    !>          LDVSR is INTEGER
    !>          The leading dimension of the matrix VSR. LDVSR >= 1, and
    !>          if JOBVSR = 'V', LDVSR >= N.
    !>

    WORK

    !>          WORK is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
    !>          On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
    !>

    LWORK

    !>          LWORK is INTEGER
    !>          The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= MAX(1,2*N)
    !>          For good performance, LWORK must generally be larger.
    !>
    !>          If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
    !>          only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
    !>          this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
    !>          message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
    !>

    RWORK

    !>          RWORK is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (8*N)
    !>

    BWORK

    !>          BWORK is LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
    !>          Not referenced if SORT = 'N'.
    !>

    INFO

    !>          INFO is INTEGER
    !>          = 0:  successful exit
    !>          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
    !>          =1,...,N:
    !>                The QZ iteration failed.  (A,B) are not in Schur
    !>                form, but ALPHA(j) and BETA(j) should be correct for
    !>                j=INFO+1,...,N.
    !>          > N:  =N+1: other than QZ iteration failed in ZLAQZ0
    !>                =N+2: after reordering, roundoff changed values of
    !>                      some complex eigenvalues so that leading
    !>                      eigenvalues in the Generalized Schur form no
    !>                      longer satisfy SELCTG=.TRUE.  This could also
    !>                      be caused due to scaling.
    !>                =N+3: reordering failed in ZTGSEN.
    !>

Author
    Univ. of Tennessee

    Univ. of California Berkeley

    Univ. of Colorado Denver

    NAG Ltd.

Author

Generated automatically by Doxygen for LAPACK from the source code.