#### 31.13.3 Scanning the List of All Users ¶

This section explains how a program can read the list of all users in the system, one user at a time. The functions described here are declared in `pwd.h`.

You can use the `fgetpwent` function to read user entries from a particular file.

Function: `struct passwd *` fgetpwent `(FILE *stream)` ¶

  Preliminary: | MT-Unsafe race:fpwent | AS-Unsafe corrupt lock | AC-Unsafe corrupt lock | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

  This function reads the next user entry from stream and returns a pointer to the entry. The structure is statically allocated and is rewritten on subsequent calls to `fgetpwent`. You must copy the contents of the structure if you wish to save the information.

  The stream must correspond to a file in the same format as the standard user database file.

Function: `int` fgetpwent_r `(FILE *stream, struct passwd *result_buf, char *buffer, size_t buflen, struct passwd **result)` ¶

  Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Unsafe corrupt | AC-Unsafe corrupt lock | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

  This function is similar to `fgetpwent` in that it reads the next user entry from stream. But the result is returned in the structure pointed to by result_buf. The first buflen bytes of the additional buffer pointed to by buffer are used to contain additional information, normally strings which are pointed to by the elements of the result structure.

  The stream must correspond to a file in the same format as the standard user database file.

  If the function returns zero result points to the structure with the wanted data (normally this is in result_buf). If errors occurred the return value is nonzero and result contains a null pointer.

The way to scan all the entries in the user database is with `setpwent`, `getpwent`, and `endpwent`.

Function: `void` setpwent `(void)` ¶

  Preliminary: | MT-Unsafe race:pwent locale | AS-Unsafe dlopen plugin heap lock | AC-Unsafe corrupt lock fd mem | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

  This function initializes a stream which `getpwent` and `getpwent_r` use to read the user database.

Function: `struct passwd *` getpwent `(void)` ¶

  Preliminary: | MT-Unsafe race:pwent race:pwentbuf locale | AS-Unsafe dlopen plugin heap lock | AC-Unsafe corrupt lock fd mem | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

  The `getpwent` function reads the next entry from the stream initialized by `setpwent`. It returns a pointer to the entry. The structure is statically allocated and is rewritten on subsequent calls to `getpwent`. You must copy the contents of the structure if you wish to save the information.

  A null pointer is returned when no more entries are available.

Function: `int` getpwent_r `(struct passwd *result_buf, char *buffer, size_t buflen, struct passwd **result)` ¶

  Preliminary: | MT-Unsafe race:pwent locale | AS-Unsafe dlopen plugin heap lock | AC-Unsafe corrupt lock fd mem | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

  This function is similar to `getpwent` in that it returns the next entry from the stream initialized by `setpwent`. Like `fgetpwent_r`, it uses the user-supplied buffers in result_buf and buffer to return the information requested.

  The return values are the same as for `fgetpwent_r`.

Function: `void` endpwent `(void)` ¶

  Preliminary: | MT-Unsafe race:pwent locale | AS-Unsafe dlopen plugin heap lock | AC-Unsafe corrupt lock fd mem | See POSIX Safety Concepts.

  This function closes the internal stream used by `getpwent` or `getpwent_r`.