DEBOOTSTRAP(8)

NAME
debootstrap - Bootstrap a basic Debian system

SYNOPSIS
debootstrap [OPTION...] SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]]

debootstrap [OPTION...] --second-stage

DESCRIPTION
debootstrap bootstraps a basic Debian system of SUITE into TARGET from MIRROR by running SCRIPT. MIRROR can be an http:// or https:// URL, a file:/// URL, or an ssh:/// URL.

The SUITE may be a release code name (eg, sid, stretch, jessie) or a symbolic name (eg, unstable, testing, stable, oldstable)

Notice that file:/ URLs are translated to file:/// (correct scheme as described in RFC1738 for local filenames), and file:// will not work. ssh://USER@HOST/PATH URLs are retrieved using scp; use of ssh-agent or similar is strongly recommended.

Debootstrap can be used to install Debian in a system without using an installation disk but can also be used to run a different Debian flavor in a chroot environment. This way you can create a full (minimal) Debian installation which can be used for testing purposes (see the EXAMPLES section). If you are looking for a chroot system to build packages please take a look at pbuilder.

OPTIONS

--arch=ARCH
    Set the target architecture (use if dpkg isn't installed). See also --foreign.

--include=alpha,beta
    Comma separated list of packages which will be added to download and extract lists.

--exclude=alpha,beta
    Comma separated list of packages which will be removed from download and extract lists. WARNING: you can and probably will exclude essential packages, be careful using this option.

--extra-suites=alpha,beta
    Also use packages from the listed suites of the archive.

--components=alpha,beta
    Use packages from the listed components of the archive.

--no-resolve-deps
    By default, debootstrap will attempt to automatically resolve any missing dependencies, warning if any are found. Note that this is not a complete dependency resolve in the sense of dpkg or apt, and that it is far better to specify the entire base system than rely on this option. With this option set, this behaviour is disabled.

--log-extra-deps
    If you want to record additional dependencies when resolving package dependencies, set this option to track them through debootstrap.log.

--variant=minbase|buildd|fakechroot
    Name of the bootstrap script variant to use. Currently, the variants supported are minbase, which only includes required packages and apt; buildd, which installs the build-essential packages and fakechroot, which installs the packages without root privileges. The default, with no --variant=X argument, is to create a base Debian installation with all packages of priority required and important, including apt.

--merged-usr
    Create /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing to their counterparts in /usr/. (Default for most variants and suites.)

--no-merged-usr
    Do not create /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing to their counterparts in /usr/. (Default for the buildd variant of Debian 12 'bookworm' or older, and all variants of Debian 9 'stretch' or older.)

--keyring=KEYRING
    Override the default keyring for the distribution being bootstrapped, and use KEYRING to check signatures of retrieved Release files.

--no-check-sig
    Disables checking OpenPGP signatures of retrieved Release files. Supported since 1.0.139.

--no-check-gpg
    Deprecated alias for "--no-check-sig".

--force-check-sig
    Forces checking OpenPGP Release file signatures, disabling automatic fallback to HTTPS in case of a missing keyring. Incompatible with the previous option. Supported since 1.0.139.

--force-check-gpg
    Deprecated alias for "--force-check-sig".

--verbose
    Produce more info about downloading.

--print-debs
    Print the packages to be installed, and exit. Note that an empty or non-existing TARGET directory must be specified so that debootstrap can download Packages files to determine which packages should be installed, and to resolve dependencies. The TARGET directory will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified.

--download-only
    Download packages, but don't perform installation.

--foreign
    Do the initial unpack phase of bootstrapping only, for example if the target architecture does not match the host architecture. A copy of debootstrap sufficient for completing the bootstrap process will be installed as /debootstrap/debootstrap in the target filesystem. You can run it with the --second-stage option to complete the bootstrapping process.

--second-stage
    Complete the bootstrapping process. Other arguments are generally not needed.

--second-stage-target=DIR
    Run second stage in a subdirectory instead of root. (can be used to create a foreign chroot) (requires --second-stage)

--keep-debootstrap-dir
    Don't delete the /debootstrap directory in the target after completing the installation.

--cache-dir=DIR
    Cache .deb files under directory. It should be an absolute path.

--unpack-tarball=FILE
    Acquire .debs from gzipped tarball FILE (specified with absolute path) instead of downloading via HTTP(S).

--make-tarball=FILE
    Instead of bootstrapping, make a gzipped tarball (written to FILE) of the downloaded packages. The resulting tarball may be passed to a later --unpack-tarball. Note that an empty or non-existing TARGET directory must be specified so that debootstrap can download packages to prepare the tarball. The TARGET directory will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified.

--debian-installer
    Used for internal purposes by the debian-installer

--extractor=TYPE
    Override automatic .deb extractor selection to TYPE. Supported extractors are: dpkg-deb and ar.

--no-check-certificate
    Do not check certificate against certificate authorities

--ca-certificate
    Verify the server against the certificate stored in file (PEM)

--certificate=FILE
    Use the client certificate stored in file (PEM)

--private-key=FILE
    Read the private key from file

--inrelease-path
    Determine the path to the InRelease file of the suite relative to the normal position of an InRelease file

EXAMPLES

To setup a stretch system:

     debootstrap stretch ./stretch-chroot http://deb.debian.org/debian

     debootstrap stretch ./stretch-chroot file:///LOCAL_MIRROR/debian

Full process to create a complete Debian installation of sid (unstable) in a chroot:

     main # debootstrap sid sid-root http://deb.debian.org/debian/
     [ ... watch it download the whole system ]
     main # echo "proc sid-root/proc proc defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
     main # mount proc sid-root/proc -t proc
     main # echo "sysfs sid-root/sys sysfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
     main # mount sysfs sid-root/sys -t sysfs
     main # cp /etc/hosts sid-root/etc/hosts
     main # chroot sid-root /bin/bash

AUTHOR
debootstrap was written by Anthony Towns <ajt@debian.org>. This manpage was written by Matt Kraai <kraai@debian.org>.