CAT(1)

NAME
cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

SYNOPSIS
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

-A, --show-all
    equivalent to -vET

-b, --number-nonblank
    number nonempty output lines, overrides -n

-e  equivalent to -vE

-E, --show-ends
    display $ or ^M$ at end of each line

-n, --number
    number all output lines

-s, --squeeze-blank
    suppress repeated empty output lines

-t  equivalent to -vT

-T, --show-tabs
    display TAB characters as ^I

-u  (ignored)

-v, --show-nonprinting
    use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB

--help
    display this help and exit

--version
    output version information and exit

EXAMPLES

cat f - g
    Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.

cat Copy standard input to standard output.

AUTHOR
Written by Torbjorn Granlund and Richard M. Stallman.

REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

SEE ALSO
tac(1)

Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'

Packaged by Ubuntu (9.10-1ubuntu2)
Copyright © 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.