NonRD Optimized Mode Search
Encoder Algorithm

## Functions

void | av1_nonrd_pick_intra_mode (AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, RD_STATS *rd_cost, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx)
| AV1 intra mode selection based on Non-RD optimized model.
void | av1_nonrd_pick_inter_mode_sb (struct AV1_COMP *cpi, struct TileDataEnc *tile_data, struct macroblock *x, struct RD_STATS *rd_cost, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx)
| AV1 inter mode selection based on Non-RD optimized model.
static void | find_predictors (AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][REF_FRAMES], struct buf_2d yv12_mb[8][3], BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int force_skip_low_temp_var, int skip_pred_mv, bool *use_scaled_ref_frame)
| Finds predicted motion vectors for a block.
static int | combined_motion_search (AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int_mv *tmp_mv, int *rate_mv, int64_t best_rd_sofar, int use_base_mv)
| Runs Motion Estimation for a specific block and specific ref frame.
static int | search_new_mv (AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int_mv frame_mv[][REF_FRAMES], MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, int gf_temporal_ref, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col, int *rate_mv, RD_STATS *best_rdc)
| Searches for the best New Motion Vector.
static void | search_filter_ref (AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, RD_STATS *this_rdc, InterPredParams *inter_pred_params_sr, int mi_row, int mi_col, PRED_BUFFER *tmp_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int reuse_inter_pred, PRED_BUFFER **this_mode_pred, int *this_early_term, unsigned int *var, int use_model_yrd_large, int64_t best_sse, int is_single_pred)
| Searches for the best interpolation filter.

## Detailed Description

This module describes NonRD Optimized Mode Search used in Real-Time mode. More details will be added.

## Function Documentation

## av1_nonrd_pick_intra_mode()

void av1_nonrd_pick_intra_mode | ( | AV1_COMP * | cpi,
|  | MACROBLOCK * | x,
|  | RD_STATS * | rd_cost,
|  | BLOCK_SIZE | bsize,
|  | PICK_MODE_CONTEXT * | ctx )

AV1 intra mode selection based on Non-RD optimized model.

Top level function for Non-RD optimized intra mode selection. This finction will loop over subset of intra modes and select the best one based on calculated modelled RD cost. Only 4 intra modes are checked as specified in `intra_mode_list`. When calculating RD cost Hadamard transform of residual is used to calculate rate. Estmation of RD cost is performed in `av1_estimate_block_intra` which is called from this function

Parameters

  [in] | cpi | Top-level encoder structure
  [in] | x | Pointer to structure holding all the data for the current macroblock
  [in] | rd_cost | Struct to keep track of the RD information
  [in] | bsize | Current block size
  [in] | ctx | Structure to hold snapshot of coding context during the mode picking process

Remarks
  Nothing is returned. Instead, the MB_MODE_INFO struct inside x is modified to store information about the best mode computed in this function. The rd_cost struct is also updated with the RD stats corresponding to the best mode found.

< Y (Luminance) plane

References macroblockd::above_mbmi, FeatureFlags::allow_screen_content_tools, AOM_PLANE_Y, av1_search_palette_mode_luma(), MB_MODE_INFO::bsize, macroblock::color_palette_thresh, AV1_COMP::common, macroblock::e_mbd, AV1Common::features, macroblockd::left_mbmi, macroblockd::lossless, macroblockd::mi, macroblockd::mi_col, macroblockd::mi_row, MB_MODE_INFO::mode, macroblock::mode_costs, MB_MODE_INFO::mv, AV1_COMP::oxcf, MB_MODE_INFO::palette_mode_info, AV1EncoderConfig::rc_cfg, macroblock::rdmult, SPEED_FEATURES::rt_sf, MB_MODE_INFO::segment_id, AV1_COMP::sf, TxfmSearchInfo::skip_txfm, ModeCosts::skip_txfm_cost, macroblock::source_variance, TxfmSearchParams::tx_mode_search_type, MB_MODE_INFO::tx_size, macroblockd::tx_type_map, macroblock::txfm_search_info, macroblock::txfm_search_params, MB_MODE_INFO::uv_mode, and ModeCosts::y_mode_costs.

Referenced by hybrid_intra_mode_search().

## av1_nonrd_pick_inter_mode_sb()

void av1_nonrd_pick_inter_mode_sb | ( | struct AV1_COMP * | cpi,
|  | struct TileDataEnc * | tile_data,
|  | struct macroblock * | x,
|  | struct RD_STATS * | rd_cost,
|  | BLOCK_SIZE | bsize,
|  | PICK_MODE_CONTEXT * | ctx )

AV1 inter mode selection based on Non-RD optimized model.

Top level function for Non-RD optimized inter mode selection. This finction will loop over subset of inter modes and select the best one based on calculated modelled RD cost. While making decisions which modes to check, this function applies heuristics based on previously checked modes, block residual variance, block size, and other factors to prune certain modes and reference frames. Currently only single reference frame modes are checked. Additional heuristics are applied to decide if intra modes need to be checked.

- Parameters

    [in] | cpi | Top-level encoder structure
    [in] | tile_data | Pointer to struct holding adaptive data/contexts/models for the tile during encoding
    [in] | x | Pointer to structure holding all the data for the current macroblock
    [in] | rd_cost | Struct to keep track of the RD information
    [in] | bsize | Current block size
    [in] | ctx | Structure to hold snapshot of coding context during the mode picking process

  Remarks
    Nothing is returned. Instead, the MB_MODE_INFO struct inside x is modified to store information about the best mode computed in this function. The rd_cost struct is also updated with the RD stats corresponding to the best mode found.

< Y (Luminance) plane

< Y (Luminance) plane

< U (Chroma) plane

< U (Chroma) plane

< V (Chroma) plane

< V (Chroma) plane

< U (Chroma) plane

< V (Chroma) plane

References MB_MODE_INFO::angle_delta, AOM_BITS_8, AOM_PLANE_U, AOM_PLANE_V, AOM_PLANE_Y, macroblockd::bd, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::best_pickmode, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::best_rdc, macroblock::block_is_zero_sad, macroblockd::block_ref_scale_factors, macroblock::color_palette_thresh, COLOR_SENS_IDX, macroblock::color_sensitivity, macroblock::color_sensitivity_sb_g, AV1_COMP::common, MB_MODE_INFO::comp_group_idx, MB_MODE_INFO::compound_idx, macroblock::content_state_sb, SVC::downsample_filter_phase, macroblock::e_mbd, MB_MODE_INFO::filter_intra_mode_info, macroblock::force_zeromv_skip_for_blk, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::frame_mv, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::frame_mv_best, SVC::has_lower_quality_layer, AV1Common::height, SPEED_FEATURES::inter_sf, MB_MODE_INFO::inter_tx_size, MB_MODE_INFO::interinter_comp, MB_MODE_INFO::interp_filters, SPEED_FEATURES::interp_sf, macroblock::mbmi_ext, macroblockd::mi, macroblockd::mi_col, CommonModeInfoParams::mi_cols, AV1Common::mi_params, macroblockd::mi_row, CommonModeInfoParams::mi_rows, macroblock::min_dist_inter_uv, MB_MODE_INFO::mode, MB_MODE_INFO_EXT::mode_context, macroblock::mode_costs, MB_MODE_INFO::motion_mode, AV1_COMP::mt_info, MB_MODE_INFO::mv, MB_MODE_INFO::num_proj_ref, MultiThreadInfo::num_workers, AV1_COMP::oxcf, MB_MODE_INFO::palette_mode_info, macroblockd::plane, AV1_COMP::ppi, macroblock::pred_mv0_sad, macroblock::pred_mv1_sad, macroblock::pred_mv_sad, AV1_COMP::rc, AV1EncoderConfig::rc_cfg, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::ref_costs_single, MB_MODE_INFO::ref_frame, macroblock::reuse_inter_pred, SPEED_FEATURES::rt_sf, macroblock::sb_me_block, macroblock::sb_me_partition, AV1Common::seg, MB_MODE_INFO::segment_id, AV1Common::seq_params, AV1_COMP::sf, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::single_inter_mode_costs, TxfmSearchInfo::skip_txfm, macroblock::source_variance, AV1_COMP::svc, TxfmSearchParams::tx_mode_search_type, MB_MODE_INFO::tx_size, macroblock::txfm_search_info, macroblock::txfm_search_params, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::use_ref_frame_mask, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::use_scaled_ref_frame, AV1_PRIMARY::use_svc, InterModeSearchStateNonrd::vars, AV1Common::width, MB_MODE_INFO::wm_params, and InterModeSearchStateNonrd::yv12_mb.

Referenced by pick_sb_modes_nonrd().

## find_predictors()

void find_predictors | ( | AV1_COMP * | cpi,
|  | MACROBLOCK * | x,
|  | MV_REFERENCE_FRAME | ref_frame,
|  | int_mv | frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][REF_FRAMES],
|  | struct buf_2d | yv12_mb[8][3],
|  | BLOCK_SIZE | bsize,
|  | int | force_skip_low_temp_var,
|  | int | skip_pred_mv,
|  | bool * | use_scaled_ref_frame )

inline static

Finds predicted motion vectors for a block.

Finds predicted motion vectors for a block from a certain reference frame. First, it fills reference MV stack, then picks the test from the stack and predicts the final MV for a block for each mode.

Parameters

  [in] | cpi | Top-level encoder structure
  [in] | x | Pointer to structure holding all the data for the current macroblock
  [in] | ref_frame | Reference frame for which to find ref MVs
  [out] | frame_mv | Predicted MVs for a block
  [in] | yv12_mb | Buffer to hold predicted block
  [in] | bsize | Current block size
  [in] | force_skip_low_temp_var | Flag indicating possible mode search prune for low temporal variance block
  [in] | skip_pred_mv | Flag indicating to skip av1_mv_pred
  [out] | use_scaled_ref_frame | Flag to indicate if scaled reference frame is used.

Remarks
  Nothing is returned. Instead, predicted MVs are placed into `frame_mv` array, and use_scaled_ref_frame is set.

References FeatureFlags::allow_high_precision_mv, AV1_COMP::common, macroblock::e_mbd, AV1Common::features, MB_MODE_INFO_EXT::global_mvs, AV1Common::height, macroblock::mbmi_ext, macroblockd::mi, MB_MODE_INFO_EXT::mode_context, MB_MODE_INFO::num_proj_ref, macroblock::pred_mv0_sad, macroblock::pred_mv1_sad, macroblock::pred_mv_sad, MB_MODE_INFO_EXT::ref_mv_count, macroblockd::ref_mv_stack, FeatureFlags::switchable_motion_mode, macroblockd::weight, and AV1Common::width.

## combined_motion_search()

int combined_motion_search | ( | AV1_COMP * | cpi,
|  | MACROBLOCK * | x,
|  | BLOCK_SIZE | bsize,
|  | int_mv * | tmp_mv,
|  | int * | rate_mv,
|  | int64_t | best_rd_sofar,
|  | int | use_base_mv )

static

Runs Motion Estimation for a specific block and specific ref frame.

Finds the best Motion Vector by running Motion Estimation for a specific block and a specific reference frame. Exits early if RDCost of Full Pel part exceeds best RD Cost fund so far

Parameters

  [in] | cpi | Top-level encoder structure
  [in] | x | Pointer to structure holding all the data for the current macroblock
  [in] | bsize | Current block size
  [in] | tmp_mv | Pointer to best found New MV
  [in] | rate_mv | Pointer to Rate of the best new MV
  [in] | best_rd_sofar | RD Cost of the best mode found so far
  [in] | use_base_mv | Flag, indicating that tmp_mv holds specific MV to start the search with

Returns
  Returns 0 if ME was terminated after Full Pel Search because too high RD Cost. Otherwise returns 1. Best New MV is placed into `tmp_mv`. Rate estimation for this vector is placed to `rate_mv`

References AV1_COMP::common, macroblock::e_mbd, MotionVectorSearchParams::find_fractional_mv_step, AV1Common::height, macroblockd::mi, MvCosts::mv_cost_stack, macroblock::mv_costs, AV1_COMP::mv_search_params, SPEED_FEATURES::mv_sf, MotionVectorSearchParams::mv_step_param, MvCosts::nmv_joint_cost, macroblock::pred_sse, macroblock::rdmult, MB_MODE_INFO::ref_frame, MB_MODE_INFO::ref_mv_idx, SPEED_FEATURES::rt_sf, AV1_COMP::sf, and AV1Common::width.

Referenced by search_new_mv().

## search_new_mv()

int search_new_mv | ( | AV1_COMP * | cpi,
|  | MACROBLOCK * | x,
|  | int_mv | frame_mv[][REF_FRAMES],
|  | MV_REFERENCE_FRAME | ref_frame,
|  | int | gf_temporal_ref,
|  | BLOCK_SIZE | bsize,
|  | int | mi_row,
|  | int | mi_col,
|  | int * | rate_mv,
|  | RD_STATS * | best_rdc )

static

Searches for the best New Motion Vector.

Finds the best Motion Vector by doing Motion Estimation. Uses reduced complexity ME for non-LAST frames or calls `combined_motion_search` for LAST reference frame

Parameters

  [in] | cpi | Top-level encoder structure
  [in] | x | Pointer to structure holding all the data for the current macroblock
  [in] | frame_mv | Array that holds MVs for all modes and ref frames
  [in] | ref_frame | Reference frame for which to find the best New MVs
  [in] | gf_temporal_ref | Flag, indicating temporal reference for GOLDEN frame
  [in] | bsize | Current block size
  [in] | mi_row | Row index in 4x4 units
  [in] | mi_col | Column index in 4x4 units
  [in] | rate_mv | Pointer to Rate of the best new MV
  [in] | best_rdc | Pointer to the RD Cost for the best mode found so far

Returns
  Returns -1 if the search was not done, otherwise returns 0. Best New MV is placed into `frame_mv` array, Rate estimation for this vector is placed to `rate_mv`

References AOM_CBR, combined_motion_search(), AV1_COMP::common, macroblock::e_mbd, MotionVectorSearchParams::find_fractional_mv_step, macroblockd::mi, RateControlCfg::mode, MB_MODE_INFO::mv, MvCosts::mv_cost_stack, macroblock::mv_costs, AV1_COMP::mv_search_params, MvCosts::nmv_joint_cost, AV1_COMP::oxcf, macroblock::pred_mv_sad, macroblock::pred_sse, AV1EncoderConfig::rc_cfg, AV1_COMP::ref_frame_flags, SPEED_FEATURES::rt_sf, and AV1_COMP::sf.

## search_filter_ref()

void search_filter_ref | ( | AV1_COMP * | cpi,
|  | MACROBLOCK * | x,
|  | RD_STATS * | this_rdc,
|  | InterPredParams * | inter_pred_params_sr,
|  | int | mi_row,
|  | int | mi_col,
|  | PRED_BUFFER * | tmp_buffer,
|  | BLOCK_SIZE | bsize,
|  | int | reuse_inter_pred,
|  | PRED_BUFFER ** | this_mode_pred,
|  | int * | this_early_term,
|  | unsigned int * | var,
|  | int | use_model_yrd_large,
|  | int64_t | best_sse,
|  | int | is_single_pred )

static

Searches for the best interpolation filter.

Iterates through subset of possible interpolation filters (EIGHTTAP_REGULAR, EIGTHTAP_SMOOTH, MULTITAP_SHARP, depending on FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE) and selects the one that gives lowest RD cost. RD cost is calculated using curvfit model. Support for dual filters (different filters in the x & y directions) is allowed if sf.interp_sf.disable_dual_filter = 0.

Parameters

  [in] | cpi | Top-level encoder structure
  [in] | x | Pointer to structure holding all the data for the current macroblock
  [in] | this_rdc | Pointer to calculated RD Cost
  [in] | inter_pred_params_sr | Pointer to structure holding parameters of inter prediction for single reference
  [in] | mi_row | Row index in 4x4 units
  [in] | mi_col | Column index in 4x4 units
  [in] | tmp_buffer | Pointer to a temporary buffer for prediction re-use
  [in] | bsize | Current block size
  [in] | reuse_inter_pred | Flag, indicating prediction re-use
  [out] | this_mode_pred | Pointer to store prediction buffer for prediction re-use
  [out] | this_early_term | Flag, indicating that transform can be skipped
  [out] | var | The residue variance of the current predictor.
  [in] | use_model_yrd_large | Flag, indicating special logic to handle large blocks
  [in] | best_sse | Best sse so far.
  [in] | is_single_pred | Flag, indicating single mode.

Remarks
  Nothing is returned. Instead, calculated RD cost is placed to `this_rdc` and best filter is placed to `mi->interp_filters`. In case `reuse_inter_pred` flag is set, this function also outputs `this_mode_pred`. Also `this_early_temp` is set if transform can be skipped

< Y (Luminance) plane

< Y (Luminance) plane

< Y (Luminance) plane

< Y (Luminance) plane

< Y (Luminance) plane

References AOM_PLANE_Y, macroblockd::block_ref_scale_factors, AV1_COMP::common, macroblock::e_mbd, AV1Common::features, FeatureFlags::interp_filter, MB_MODE_INFO::interp_filters, SPEED_FEATURES::interp_sf, macroblockd::mi, MB_MODE_INFO::mv, macroblockd::plane, macroblock::rdmult, AV1Common::seq_params, AV1_COMP::sf, and MB_MODE_INFO::tx_size.